某矿山开采企业爆破、掘进和采矿作业工人听力损失的情况

Status of hearing loss in workers engaged in blasting,excavation and mining operations in a mining enterprise

目的减少矿山开采企业噪声对机体听觉损伤的危害,使工人听力损失率逐年下降。方法随机调查某矿山开采企业389名作业工人,询问工人的职业接触史、既往史、耳毒药物史、家族史、自觉症状等,并进行耳鼻喉科检查。对389人的气导纯音听阈测试结果进行评级。结果调查对象单耳或双耳听力异常337人,异常检出率为86.63%。单纯高频段听力损失286人,检出率为73.52%。语言频段合并高频段听力损失(包括单纯语言频段听力损失)51人,检出率为13.11%。经统计分析,采矿、爆破、掘进工种的听力异常检出率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。语言频段听力损失异常检出率为13.11%。高频段(3、4、6 kHz)听力损失依次加重,听力曲线呈斜坡下降型,符合噪声性听力损失特点。爆破组第50百分位数(P50)依次为25,32.5和40 dBHL,掘进组为25,32.5和37.5 dBHL。结论该企业作业工人听力异常检出率偏高,为此,用人单位不仅要重视职业健康和安全管理工作,坚持开展职业健康监护工作,更要监督指导工人正确使用个人防护用品。特别是对于从事爆破、掘进工作的矿业工人。

[ Objective ] To reduce the hearing damage caused by noise in mining enterprises, decrease the rate of hearing loss in workers gradually. [ Methods] 389 workers of a mining enterprise were randomly collected. The occupational exposure history, past medical history, history of ear drugs, family history, and self-conscious symptom of workers were investigated by interview, and the ENT examination was performed. The resuhs of air-conduction pure-tone hearing threshold of 389 workers were evaluated. [ Results] The monotic or bilateral auditory anomalies were found in 337 workers, and the detection rate was 86.63%. 286 workers had high frequency hearing loss, with the detection rate of 73.52%. 51 workers had speech frequency and high frequency hearing loss （including single speech frequency hearing loss） , with the detection rate of 13.11%. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the detection rate of auditory anomalies among the blasting, excavation and mining groups { P 〉 0.05 ）. The detection rate of speech frequency hearing loss was 13.11%. The hearing loss of high frequency was getting ag- gravated in order of 3 kHz, 4 kHz and 6 kHz, and the hearing curve presented the slopes down pattern, which was in accordance with the characteristic of noise-induced hearing loss. The 50th percentile（ P50） of blasting group was respectively 25 dBHL, 32.5 dBHL and 40 dBHL, while P50 of excavation was respectively 25 dBHL,32.5 dBHL and 37.5 dBHL. [ Conclusion]The detection rate of auditory anomalies among workers in this enterprise is high relatively. Therefore, the enterprises should pay attention to oc- cupational health and safety management, adhere to carry out the occupational health surveillance, and guide the workers to use of personal protective equipment correctly, especially mining workers engaged in blasting and excavation.