2012年遵义市手足口病流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Zunyi City in 2012

目的分析遵义市2012年手足口病流行病学特征,探讨流行规律,为制定有效防控策略提供依据。方法从国家疾病监测信息管理系统中将遵义市2012年手足口病网络直报信息导出,用Excel软件进行统计,运用描述流行病学方法对资料进行分析。结果该市2012年共报告手足口病病例15 843例,其中重症病例312例,死亡10例。发病率为257.92/10万,死亡率为0.16/10万。发病年龄以5岁以下为主,占病例总数的91.54%,男女发病比为1.68∶1,差异有统计学意义(χ2=829.20,P<0.01)。发病以5—7月为主(10 922例),11和12月出现一次小高峰(2 776例),分别占发病数的68.94%和17.93%。散居儿童和幼托儿童分别占72.18%和21.73%。检测咽拭子/肛拭子标本1 904份,检出阳性1 060份,阳性率为55.67%;其中其他肠道病毒占45.28%(480份),CoxA16占30.47%(323份),EV71占24.25%(257份)。结论 2012年遵义市手足口病疫情、重症和死亡病例呈明显上升趋势,病原为EV71、CxoA16和其他肠道病毒混合流行。

[ Objective ] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease （ HFMD ）, explore the epi- demic law, and provide a basis for developing effective prevention and control strategies. [ Methods] The data of HFMD in Zunyi City in 2012 were collected from the National disease surveillance information management system, and were analyzed with descrip- tive epidemiological methods by Excel statistical software. [ Results] A total of 15 843 HFMD cases were reported in Zunyi City in 2012, including 312 severe cases and 10 death cases. The incidence rate was 257.92/lakh, and the mortality rate was 0.16/lakh. Most of cases were children under 5 years old, accounting for 91.54%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.68： 1, and the difference was significant （x^22 = 829.20, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The peak season occurred May to July （10 922 cases ）, and there was a small peak in November-December, which accounted for 68.94% and 17.93% of total cases respectively. Scattered children and kindergarten children accounted for 72.18% and 21.73% respectively. 1 904 throat/anus swab specimens were detected, and 1060 specimens were positive, with the positive rate of 55.67%. There were 480 specimens of other intestinal viruses （45.28%）, 323 specimens of CoxA16 （30.47%） and 257 specimens of EV71 {24.25% ）. [ Conclusion ] The epidemic situation, severe cases and death ca- ses of HFMD show a rising trend in Zunyi City in 2012, and the pathogens include EV71, CxoA16 and other intestinal viruses.