典型黑土区农田土壤与玉米中重金属含量研究

Contents of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil and Corn in Typical Black Soil Region

[目的]为了弄清黑土区农田土壤与玉米中重金属含量及其二者之间的相关性。[方法]通过对黑龙江省双城市公路周边土壤及主要农作物玉米进行同步调查取样,分析土壤重金属全量Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Hg、As含量和玉米各器官中这8种重金属的含量,并得出土壤中8种重金属之间的相关性及玉米各器官的重金属含量与土壤重金属全量的关联性。[结果]除Ni以外,调查区域土壤中其他7种重金属含量均存在一定程度的富集,其中Cd、Pb、Hg的富集程度较高,但均未超过GB 15618-1995国家土壤环境质量二级标准,土壤质量尚好。比较得出,土壤重金属含量高于玉米各器官的重金属含量。玉米的不同器官对重金属的富集能力不同,表现出根>叶>茎>籽粒。玉米籽粒中的8种重金属含量均远低于国家粮食标准,玉米品质良好。土壤中除Cr与Ni之间为负相关外,其余各种金属之间均为正相关,其中Cd与Hg之间、Cu与Zn之间呈现0.01水平显著正相关;Cd与Cr、Cu、Zn之间,Cr与Cu、Zn之间,Pb与Cu、Zn之间,Zn与Hg之间呈现0.05水平显著正相关。分析玉米不同器官的重金属含量与土壤重金属全量的相关性得出,土壤重金属全量与玉米各器官重金属含量均呈正相关,但相关性不佳,只有Cd、Cu、Zn在玉米根系与土壤中呈0.05水平显著正相关。[结论]黑土区土壤质量尚好,玉米品质良好。土壤中各种重金属的相关性好,土壤重金属含量与玉米各器官重金属含量相关性不佳。人类活动是造成重金属同源性的主导因素。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to figure out the contents of heavy metals in agricuhural soil and corn in typical black soil region and their relationship. [ Method ] Through the synchronous sampling to soil and crop corn in road surrounding of the Shuangcheng City of Heilongjiang Province,Cd,Cr,Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni,Hg and As of total content in soil and the content in the various organs of corn were analyzed. The results were presented by the correlation of the eight kinds of heavy metals in soil and the relationship of heavy metal content in different organs of corn and the content of heavy metals in soii.[ Result] Seven kinds of heavy metal content in soil had certain enrichment except Ni in the survey area. There was higher enrichment in Cd,Pbiand Hg,but the content of all of them weren＇t more than the content of GB of 15618 - 1995 state soil environ- ment quality standard level two. ~uality of soil was still good. The content of heavy metals in soil was higher than the content of heavy metals in corn compared with them. The enrichment ability of different organs of corn of heavy metals was different, which indicated root 〉 leaf 〉 stalk 〉 grain. Eight kinds of heavy metal content in grain of corn were lower than the national food standards, and the quality of corn was good. There was a positive correlation between each heavy metal contents in soil expect Cr and Ni. There was a very significantly positive correlation between Cd and Hg,Cu and Zn. There was a significantly positive correlation between Cd and Cr,Cu,Zn,Cr and Cu,Zn,Pb and Cu,Zn,Zn and Hg. Through the correlation analysis of heavy metal content of different organs of corn and heavy metal total content in soil, there was a positive corre- lation. However,the correlation was poor,only Cd,Cu,Zn in roots of corn and soil had significantly positive correlation. [ Conclusion] Quality of soil was still good,and quality of corn was good. The correlation between soil heavy metals content was good, and correlation of heavy metal con- tent of different organs of corn and heavy metal total content in soil was poor. The main reason of heavy metals homology was human activities.