我国马铃薯生产发展历程及现状研究

Development Course and Current Situation of Potato Production in China

我国是马铃薯第一生产大国,2011年我国马铃薯种植面积和总产量分别占世界的28.2%和23.6%。该研究从讨论马铃薯传入中国的时间和途径出发,根据文献记载和历史因素,以20世纪60年代为时间分隔,将马铃薯的发展分为2个主要时期,通过研究马铃薯的历史发展,解析马铃薯形成当前生产规模的过程及原因,并分析了我国马铃薯生产现状及存在的问题。结果表明,经过几百年的发展,马铃薯在我国各省多有种植,目前已经形成北方一季作区、中原二季作区、西南一二季混作区和南方冬作区4大优势产区;分析还发现,我国还远远算不上马铃薯生产强国,马铃薯生产还存在生产方式落后、生产集约化程度低、单产水平不高、马铃薯生产品种单一、结构矛盾突出、脱毒种薯的供应赶不上生产需求等问题;这些问题有些是受自然因素的影响,有些则是由于历史因素造成的。

China is the biggest producer of potatoes, the acreage and total production of potatoes accounted for 28.2% and 23.6% of the world respectively in 2011. Starting from discussing the time and route potato introduced to China, according to the literature and historical factors, the development of potatoes were divided into two main periods with the 1960s＇ as a time separator. By studying historical development of potatoes, the current production scale formation course and reasons were analyzed, as well as the production status and existing problems of potatoes in Chi- na. After hundreds years＇ progressing, potatoes have been grown in many provinces, and have formed four advantageous production areas： north- ern single cropping cultivated area, central double cropping cultivated area, southwestern single and double cropping mixed cultivated area, and southern winter cropping cultivated area. Consequently, it reveals that China is still far from a powerful country for potato industry, potato pro- duction is still faced with many problems, such as backward production methods, low levels of production intensity, low yield, single variety and obvious structural contradictions of potato species, and the supply of the virns-free seed potato can not keep up with the demand, etc. , which some of them are affected by natural factors, while others are due to historical factors.