不同稻草覆盖厚度对冬种马铃薯生长及产量的影响

Effects of Straw Covering Thickness on Growth and Yield of Winter Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)

[目的]确认马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)免耕栽培中适宜的稻草覆盖厚度。[方法]通过对冬种马铃薯稻草覆盖免耕栽培中不同盖草厚度和不同种植方式进行重复对比试验,探索不同盖草厚度和大小畦种植方式对马铃薯产量及经济性状的影响。[结果]在一定范围内,增加盖草厚度,马铃薯鲜薯产量增加,其中盖草厚度7 cm、小畦种植的处理产量最高,达19 290.5 kg/hm2,盖草厚度低于7 cm的处理减产明显,当盖草厚度达到10 cm时产量减少。[结论]适宜的稻草覆盖厚度可以获得理想的植株群体,从而增加鲜薯产量。在种植方式上,稻草覆盖免耕栽培的马铃薯采用小畦种植有方便排灌、减少积水以及提高出苗率和充分发挥边行优势的作用,因此小畦种植也有一定的增产作用。

[ Objective ] The aim was to confirm on the suitable straw covering thickness of potato during no-tillage cultivation. [ Method ] The effects of different straw covering thickness and furrow＇ s size on the yield and economic traits by conducting on their repeat and contrast test dur- ing potato straw coveting and no-tillage cultivation. [ Result] In a certain range, that increasing straw thickness improved the fresh potato yield, thereinto, the yield of 7 cm-straw covering thickness and small furrow planting treatment was the highest of 19 290.5 kg/hm2, and the yield of the treatments of straw covering thickness less than 7 cm significantly decreased, and that 10 cm straw covering thickness treatment also de- creased. [ Conclusion ] The suitable straw covering thickness obtains ideal plant group, and then increases fresh potato yield. On the planting pattern, during straw covering and no tillage cultivation, small furrow planting pattern has function of facilitating drainage and irrigation to de- crease the waterlogging, improving the seedling germination rate and fully playing to the advantages of edge line, so it has a certain yield-increas- ing effect.