抗日战争时期日本强掳劳工民间诉讼的困境与突破

Civil Litigation Impasse and Breakthrough of the Kidnapped Chinese Workers by Japan during the Anti-Japanese War

2007年4月27日,日本最高法院做出"根据中日联合声明中国国民的请求权已经被放弃"的判决,使得二战受难者在日民间战争赔偿诉讼陷入僵局。此种境遇下"和解"成为战后遗留问题工作者寻求突破的无奈选择。安野和解正是在此背景下达成。虽然和解取得了如企业承认强掳劳工的历史事实、表示谢罪、经济赔偿等一些成果,但受日本政府态度的影响,和解只能存在于受难者与企业间,就必然使得和解带有不彻底性,这也恰恰成为和解饱受争议的根源。彻底解决这一问题的方法在于以诉讼推动战争赔偿立法,以实现日本政府与企业两个层面上承认强掳华工法律责任基础上的全面解决,诉讼的根本目标及意义也在于此。

On April 27, 2007, the Japanese Supreme Court made a judgment that ＂Chinese nationals War reparations claims have been abandoned according to the Sino-Japanese Joint Statement.＂ This judgment makes the victims of World War II compensation lawsuit of civil war fall into a deadlock in Japan. Reconciliation is a helpless choice to solve problems left over from World War II under that situation. Although reconciliation has made some achievements such as enterprise said apology, economic compensation, but reconciliation is bound with a lack of thoroughness influenced by the attitude of the Japanese government. This has become a source of highly controversial reconciliation. The method to solve this problem is the litigation to promote war reparations legislation. In order to achieve a comprehensive solution of China＇s labor in that war, we need reparations based on the Japanese government and enterprises to admit kidnapped laborers liability.