手足口病咽拭子标本阳性率影响因素分析

Analysis on influencing factors of positive rate of throat swab specimens in hand- foot- and- mouth disease

目的了解滨州市手足口病咽拭子标本阳性率影响因素，提高阳性率。方法2011—2012年，收集滨州市所辖各县区手足口病病例咽拭子标本1226份，用荧光定量RT—PCR法进行核酸检测，分析阳性率影响因素。结果总阳性率为52．12％（639／1226），发病2d内的标本阳性率较高，时间间隔越久阳性率越低；重症病例阳性率高于轻症病例；西南部县区阳性率高于东北部县区；12～次年1月份和5～7月份阳性率高于其余月份；各年龄组阳性率呈抛物线形。结论采集时间、病例类型、患者年龄、发病月份、地域分布与阳性率相关。

Objective To learn about influencing factors of positive rate of throat swab specimens in hand - foot - and - mouth disease （ HFMD）, so as to improve the positive rate. Methods From 2011 to 2012, a total of 1 226 samples of throat swabs specimens in HFMD cases were collected from each county area of Binzhou City and the nucleic acid was detected by Reahime RT - PCR method. The influencing factors of positive rate of nucleic acid detection was analyzed. Results The total positive rate was 52. 12% （639/1226）, and the posi- tive rate within two days of onset was higher than that of other intervals and the longer interval the lower was the positive rate. The positive rate of severe cases was higher than that of mild cases. The positive rate of December to January of next year and May to July was higher than that of the rest months. The positive rate of southwest counties was higher than that of the northeast, and the t rend of age - specific rates showed quadratic type. Conclusions The collection time, case type, patient age, month of onset, and geographical distribution are related influencing factors of positive rate.