中国不可再生工业原料出口限制法律问题探析——“原材料案”对“稀土案”之启示

Legal Issues of Export Restriction on Chinese Non-renewable Industrial Raw Materials

我国对不可再生工业原料的出口限制已成为对外贸易中的敏感问题,也是国际贸易摩擦频发的高危领域。从逻辑性、公平性以及GATT1994例外条款所体现的根本价值来看,GATT1994第20条对《中国入世议定书》11.3段是应予适用的;对出口配额措施援引GATT1994第11.2(a)进行抗辩是不可行的;而对出口许可证措施禁止与否则应更多考察其实施目的和最终效果。我国应吸取"原材料案"败诉的教训,完善国内相关配套法规,充分利用WTO例外条款抗辩,并通过国内税收杠杆调节的方式积极应对未来的贸易争端。

Export restrictions on non -renewable industrial raw materials in China have become a sensitive issue in the international trade. The logic, fairness and the fundamental value of the exception clause of GATT1994 show that GATT1994 article 20 is suitable for China＇ s WTO Accession Protocol paragraph 11. 3, that the GATT1994 article 11.2（a） cannot be used to defend the export quota measures and that the prohibition of the export license should be based on the purpose and the final results of the measures.