4城市儿童少年早餐行为及其相关因素分析

Analysis of Breakfast Practice and Relative Factors of Children and Adolescents in Four Cities

目的 了解城市儿童少年早餐行为及主要相关因素，为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法 用三阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法从广州、上海、济南和哈尔滨抽取样本１０２７６名儿童少年，通过问卷调查收集早餐行为及相关因素的资料。结果８３．０%的儿童少年１周每天都吃早餐；有时不吃早餐的主要直接原因是没有食欲（４６．１％）和没有时间吃（４４．２％）；是否每天吃早餐的主要相关因素为母亲文化程度、居住地、父亲职业和儿童少年的学习阶段等。儿童少年早餐营养质量良好者占９.５％，一般者占３５．５％，较差者占５５．０％，影响早餐营养质量的主要因素有母亲文化程度、居住地、儿童少年的学习阶段和父亲的职业。结论 城市儿童少年有时不吃早餐的现象比较普遍，早餐的营养质量也不高，父母和居住地是影响儿童少年早餐行为的最主要因素，改善儿童少年早餐行为的关键在于加强对父母和儿童少年的营养教育以及学校提供营养早餐。

Objective To have an updated knowledge of the current status of breakfast of children and adolescents in urban area and explore it's contributing factors. Methods The study population included 10276 children and adolescents selected from Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jinan and Haerbin by stratified multistage cluster random sampling, and the data were collected through ques- tionnaire survey.Results The percentage of children and adolescents ate breakfast everyday during a week was 83.0% .The major direct reasons which they sometimes didn't eat breakfast were bad appetite and having no time to eat , and the major indirect factors which they didn't eat breakfast ev- eryday during a week were the age of themselves, their mother's educational level, living city and their father's occupation. The proportion of high, common and bad nutritional value breakfast were 9.5%, 35. 5% and 55.0%, respectively, and the main factors relating to breakfast nutritional value were their mother's educational level, living city, the age of themselves and their father's occupa- tion. Conclusion The rate that the children and adolescents in the four cities sometimes didn't eat breakfast was high, and the nutritional value of breakfast wasn't ~good either. The main factors influ- encing breakfast practice were their parents and living city, etc. To improve their breakfast behavior, parents and themselves were the major subjects of nutritional education, and high nutritional value breakfast should be available in the school.