知觉知识的新进路：知识论的析取主义评析

New Approaches to Perceptual Knowledge——A Commentary on Epistemological Disjunctivism

外部事物世界与内部心灵世界的关系问题,在经典哲学中导致了经验论与唯理论之间的争论,而在当代知识论中则衍生出了外在论与内在论之间的对立。在这些争论与对立之中,知识论哲学家最为关心的问题,就是知觉知识的问题。当代知识论的研究在知觉知识问题上取得了实质性的进展,这一点主要体现在"知识论的析取主义"对知觉知识的阐释上。知识论的析取主义主张,知觉知识在具有内在的反思性理由的同时,也要兼具事实性的要素,从而调和了外在论与内在论之间的争论。此外,这一理论还为解决怀疑主义难题提供了新的思路。

The problems of the external world and the internal world constitute the main line of classical philosophy and contemporary epistemological studies.The external and the internal problems led to the debates between empiricism and rationalism in classical philosophy and derived the conflicts between externalism and internalism in contemporary epistemology.In these debates and conflicts,one problem is always of most concerned to philosophers,that is the problem of perceptual knowledge.Contemporary epistemology study has made substantial progress on perceptual knowledge;this is mainly embodied in the interpretations of epistemological disjunctivism on perceptual knowledge.As Kant reconciled the gap between the content of perceptual experience and the form of universal and innate,epistemological disjunctivism claimed that perceptual knowledge not only has the internal reflective reason but also has the factive elements,and then reconciled the debate between the externalism and the internalism.In addition,this theory also provides a new approach to solve the skeptical puzzles.