甘肃发现的两周时期的“胡人”形象

Iconography of Hu Barbarians Discovered in Gansu Province During the Zhou Dynasties

胡人在汉代以后主要指在西北边疆以外的族群,特别是中亚和西亚地区的非华夏族群。在甘肃灵台白草坡西周墓葬、张家川马家塬战国墓地中发现了钩戟、管銎戈、镰形剑等器物和深目高鼻的欧罗巴人形象、戴尖顶帽穿左衽交领上衣的人物形象,甘肃省博物馆收藏的骨管上也发现了戴尖顶帽的人物形象。这些器物和尖顶帽起源于近东地区,在两周时期逐渐进入中国,特别是公元前6世纪以后,尖顶帽和一些兵器在欧亚草原广泛传播。汉代以后,尖顶帽成为中亚和近东地区非华夏族群的代表形象。

Hu refers to the ethnic groups living outside the frontiers of North-west China, especially in Central Asia and West Asia after the Han period. Artifacts likeji （halberd） with a hook spike mounted on a long shaft,ge （halberd） with tube-like socket, and sickle-like daggers have been discovered from tombs at the Baicaopo cemetery dating to the Westem Zhou period and Majlayuan cemetery dating to the Warring States period. Along with these artifacts, iconographies of Caucasian and figures wearing a pointed cap and garment with left-sided buttoning lappet of these periods-especially the iconography of a human figure with a pointed cap craved on a bone tube that is stored at the Gansu Provincial Museum-also have been found. These types of artifacts and the pointed-cap were both originated from the Near East and spread to China during the Zhou Dynasties. These artifacts were even broadly spread during the 6th century B.C. throughout the Eurasian Steppe. After the Han Dynasty, pointed cap became an iconic hallmark of Non-Huaxia ethnic groups living in Central Asia and the Near East.