小学儿童表情和动作无意识模仿的特点研究

The Characteristics of Expressions and Behaviors Mimicry in Elementary Students

目的:探讨小学儿童表情和动作无意识模仿的特点。方法:选取小学一、三、五年级共190名被试,采用实验法测查表情和动作模仿。结果:①小学儿童不同类型的表情无意识模仿存在发展性:随年级增加,对高兴表情的模仿时间增加,对悲伤和愤怒表情的模仿时间保持在较低水平;②不同年级表情无意识模仿存在分化性:一、三年级儿童对不同表情的模仿时间不存在显著差异,五年级儿童对高兴和愤怒表情的模仿时间显著长于对悲伤表情的模仿时间;③小学儿童动作的无意识模仿存在发展性:一年级儿童产生动作模仿的被试比例显著大于三、五年级儿童。结论:小学儿童的无意识模仿表现出适应性的整体发展趋势,并且不同模仿行为的关键期有所不同。

Objective： This study aimed to explore the characteristics of elementary students＇ mimicry across different grades. Methods： 190 primary students from 1＂ grade, 3＂ grade and 5~ grade respectively volunteered to participate in this study. Data of the level of child nonverbal mimicry, including expressional and behavioral imitation were collected. Re- sults： Results showed that primary students＇ ability of mimicry differed across ages： following the grade growth, more hap- py expression was mimicked, while the sad and angry expression remained at a low level. The 5＇h grade children mimicked more happy and angry expressions than sad expressions, whereas there were no significant differences as for the expression mimicry types in the 1＂ and 3＂ grade students. Further, more children in the 1＂ grade had mimic behaviors that those in the 3＇d and 5~ grades. Conclusion： Our finding suggests that the primary students show an adaptive development tendency on the mimic behaviors and expressions.