301名丧亲者哀伤反应及其影响因素

Grief Reactions and Correlates among 301 Bereaved Individuals

目的:调查丧亲者的哀伤反应及其影响因素,探讨延长哀伤障碍(prolonged grief disorder,PGD)在中国大陆地区的发生情况。方法:采用延长哀伤问卷(PG-13)、创伤后应激障碍症状清单(PCL-C)、Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)、Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)对招募而来的301名丧亲者进行测查。结果:①丧亲者当中女性占多数(70.8%),已故者死因中身体疾病占多数(75.7%);②丧亲者在PG-13上的总分是19.04±9.00;③PTSD、抑郁症状、焦虑症状的检出率分别为8.6%、36.6%、21%;符合PGD诊断的有13人(5.01%),其中,84.6%的人同时检出PTSD、抑郁和焦虑症状;④哀伤反应的得分在婚姻状况及丧亲对象上都存在显著性差异。回归分析结果表明已故者的享年、与已故者的亲密程度能够显著预测哀伤反应的得分(F(2,290)=62.947,R2=0.303,P<0.001)。结论:丧亲者普遍存在一些失功能的哀伤反应,其严重程度受婚姻状况、丧亲对象、已故者的年龄以及与已故者的亲密程度等因素的影响;丧亲者中有一定的比例可能发展成延长哀伤障碍。

Objective： To evaluate the grief reactions and correlates among bereaved individuals, and investigate the oc- currence of prolonged grief disorder（PGD） in the China's Mainland. Methods： Totally 301 bereaved adults were asked to complete a battery of structured questionnaires, including Prolonged Grief Questionnaire（PG- 13）, PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version（PCL-C）, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale（SDS） and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）. Results： （1）70.8% were female. 75.7% of the deceased died from physical illness. （2）The score of grief reactions was 19.04±9.00. （3）8.6% of subjects had a PCL-C score≥50; 36.6% suffered from depression symptoms and 21% suffered from anxiety symptoms; 13 persons met the diagnosis criterion of PGD. The prevalence of PGD was 5.01%. The co-occurrence of PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms accounted for 84.6% of 13 PGD individuals. （4）Bereaved individuals＇ marital status and relationship with the deceased had main effects on the grief reaction scores. The age of the deceased and the closeness with the deceased significantly predicted the score of grief reaction（F（2, 290）=62.947, R2=0.303, P〈0.001）. Conclusion： The bereaved gener- ally had some dysfunctional grief reaction symptoms; marital status, the relationship with the deceased, the age of the de- ceased as well as the closeness with the deceased influences the severity of grief reaction. A proportion of bereaved persons may develop into prolonged grief disorder.