不同亚型数学学习障碍儿童的执行功能对数学基本能力的影响

Executive Function in Children with Mathematics Disorder of Different Subtypes and Its Effect on Basic Mathematical Abilities

目的:探讨不同亚型数学学习障碍儿童的执行功能对数学基本能力的影响。方法:采用中国小学生数学基本能力测试量表测试数学运算和逻辑思维与空间-视觉功能;采用汉诺塔、Stroop字色干扰测验、WCST考查执行功能。结果:①混合型MD的数学总分和数学运算成绩不仅低于对照组,且低于单纯型MD。②影响数学运算的指标:词测验时间、字义干扰测验时间、字义干扰错误数和颜色干扰错误数;影响逻辑思维与空间-视觉的指标:移动3个圆盘时间、完成分类次数、字义干扰测验时间、色测验错误数。③MD儿童普遍存在抑制控制能力缺陷及认知转换、策略提取和维持能力缺陷;混合型MD还存在汉字-语音加工速度和计划能力缺陷。这些缺陷是造成MD儿童数学基本能力缺损的部分原因。结论:混合型MD数学基本能力受损更严重。不同亚型MD的执行功能缺陷及数学基本能力缺损的原因存在差异。

Objective： To explore the effect of executive function on basic mathematical abilities in children with mathe- matics disorder subtypes. Methods： We used Chinese rating scale of pupil＇ s basic mathematical abilities to evaluate basic mathematical abilities, and used the tower of hanoi test, the stroop test and the wisconsin card sorting test to evaluate execu- tive function. Results： （1）Mathematics total score and mathematical operation score in RD/MD group was not only lower than those of the control group, but also lower than those of MD group. （2）The impact indicators of mathematical operation score included words test time, Chinese meaning interference test time, Chinese meaning interference errors and color inter- ference errors. The impact indicators of logical thinking and spatial-visual function score included the time of moving three disc, number of finishing classification times, Chinese meaning interference test time and color test errors. （3）There were generally deficits of suppression control, cognitive transformation, strategy extracting and maintaining capacity in MD Chil- dren. In addition, Chinese-phonological processing speed and ability of planning were also impaired in children with RD/ MD. These defects may account for the basic mathematical abilities defects in MD children. Conclusion： Basic mathemati- cal abilities defects in RD/MD children are worst. The reason for executive function defects and basic mathematical disabili- ties in MD and RD/MD children may be different.