ADHD倾向小学生的箱庭作品特征研究

A Qualitative Study of Sandplay Productions of Pupils with ADHD Tendency

目的:考察ADHD倾向小学生的箱庭作品特征,为进一步使用箱庭疗法进行ADHD的治疗提供作品方面的信息和线索。方法:采用实验组对照组设计,对两组被试的初始箱庭作品进行分析。实验组和控制组均为27人,其中22名男生,5名女生;三年级17名,四年级10名。结果:与对照组正常小学生相比,ADHD倾向小学生的箱庭作品呈现如下特征:①箱庭玩具使用数量和种类较多,多使用动物、交通工具、军事工具等能量强大的玩具类型,作品多呈现出混乱无组织的场景。②箱庭作品多呈现创伤主题,如战争、车祸等。③在箱庭作品中大幅度动沙,甚至是破坏性动沙,情绪色彩明显。④箱庭制作时间很长,玩具移动频繁,作品会占满整个沙箱,甚至放在沙箱的边缘上。⑤ADHD倾向小学生的作品整合性较弱、流动性较弱、动力性较强、破坏性较大。结论:初始箱庭作品能在一定程度上反映ADHD倾向小学生心理能量强大、自我控制能力较弱、自我边界不清晰、负性情绪较多等心理特点和症状表现,为进一步心理治疗提供了有意义的信息和线索。

Objective： To explore the characteristics of sandplay productions of Pupils with Attention Deficit Hyperac- tivity Disorder（ADHD） tendency, and discuss detailed and special sandplay therapy for ADHD. Methods： 27 participants （22 were male, 5 were female） both in experimental group and control group were asked to make an initial sandplay. Re- sults： Compare with the control group, characteristics of sandplay productions of the experimental group were： numbers and categories of sandplay miniatures were larger; sandtray scene was more chaotic and disorganized; sandplay theme was more trauma-related, such as war and car accident, touching sand and working with sand in a more destroyed manner and more furious emotions; making-time was longer, and sandplay productions were displaced more frequently; the sandbox was over- flowed by the miniatures to the edge of the sandbox; there were lower integration and liquidity, higher energy and destruc- tiveness. Conclusion： Initial sandplay productions could present to some extent mental problems and symptoms of Pupils with ADHD tendency, such as their powerful energy, week self-control, ambiguous ego-boundary and negative emotions, which were very helpful to use sandplay therapy for ADHD.