19世纪末20世纪初美国对日本移民政策的演变

Evolution of the US Immigration Polity to Japanese in the End of 19 Century

日本移民自19世纪末开始大量移入美国本土,在取代华人成为主要劳动力资源后,随之面临的是与华人一样被歧视、排斥的命运。美国白人,特别是西海岸民众将日本移民视为不可同化的"黄祸",视他们为进犯美国本土的外来可怕力量。在某些政客的支持下,他们不断掀起反日、排日运动。日本移民试图以其勤劳、务实的精神赢得白人社会的认可,日本政府也屡次与美国政府交涉、谈判,试图保全其亚洲强国的颜面,避免其臣民遭受与华人一样被排斥的命运。然而,随着《君子协定》的确立,两个《外籍人土地法》的先后颁布,到1924年《移民法案》的出台,美国对日移民政策完成了彻底蜕变,完全暴露出了其根深蒂固的种族主义本色,日本移民与所有亚洲移民一样,被彻底排斥在了美国大门之外。

The Japanese immigrants began to move to the mainland of the US in large quantities from the late 1890s. After they replaced the Chinese as the new labor resources, they also began to face the discrimi- nation and exclusion from the white just as the Chinese did. American white people, especially those dwell- ing along the western coastal cities, thought the Japanese were inassimilable ＂yellow scourge＂ and they were a group of formidable alien forces invading the land of the US. With the support of certain politicians, the western coastal people began to launch anti-Japanese movements continuously. The Japanese immi- grants tried hard to gain recognition from the white society through their hard work and pragmatic values. The Japanese government also intervened and negotiated with the US government on several occasions, try- ing to keep the dignity of Japan as an Asian newly rising power, trying to prevent its people from being dis- criminated and excluded in the US as Chinese immigrants experienced. However, from the signing of ＂The Gentlemen Agreement＂ to the passing of the two ＂Alien Land Act＂, to the making and enforcing of the1924 ＂Immigration Act＂, the US government finished its final step towards the restriction of the Japanese immi- grants, completely exposing its deep-rooted nature of racism. Japanese immigrants, just like all other Asian immigrants, were excluded from the US society.