密尔由“实际欲望”到“值得欲望”论证模式的有效性分析

The Validity Analysis on Mill' s Demonstration Mode from “ Real Desire” to“ Worthy Desire”

密尔采用由"实际欲望"到"值得欲望"论证模式以证明功利原则作为道德原则的合理性遭受了许多指责。其实,密尔的论证与他的工具主义立场、他对于逻辑学意义上的证明概念的内涵及范围的理解有关。如果工具主义的观点是正确的,并且,密尔对逻辑证明的内涵及范围的界定是可以接受的,那么,密尔的论证就是有效的,但这种有效性是有限度的,毕竟,离开密尔的这些立场和观点,这种论证就是无效的。

Mill adopted the ＂real desire＂ to ＂worthy desire＂ demonstration mode to prove the rationality of the utilitarian principle as a moral principle, which brought about many accusations. In faet, Mill＇s argument is associated with his stance of instrumentalism and his understanding on meaning and scope of the concept of proving in logic theory. If the view of instrumentalism is correct and Mill＇s connation and scope of logical proof is acceptable, then his argument is valid. However, this validity is limited because this ar- gument is invalid without these positions and views of Mill after all.