我国秋冬型恙虫病媒介恙螨的研究概况

General situation of studies on vector chigger mite of Tsutsugamushi disease of Autumn-Winter type in China

1986年前,我国恙虫病仅知流行于浙江省及其以南地区,主要属夏季型,以地里纤恙螨为主要媒介。1986年在江苏、山东发生恙虫病流行,属秋冬型。此后,在天津、山西、河北、河南、安徽、北京发现流行,吉林、辽宁、黑龙江有病例报告。在江苏和山东,小盾纤恙螨为恙虫病疫区鼠体的优势螨种,季节消长与居民恙虫病的季节分布相一致,能自然感染、叮刺传播和经卵传递恙虫病东方体(Orientia tsutsugamushi,Ot),以上结果证明小盾纤恙螨是我国秋冬型恙虫病的主要传播媒介。山东的须纤恙螨和临淮岗纤恙螨,山西的姬鼠纤恙螨,吉林的东方纤恙螨是可疑的媒介。

Before 1986 ,Tsutsugamushi disease was known only prevalent in Zhejiang Province and south to it in our country, belonged to the summer type ,Leptotrombidium deliense was regarded as the main vector. In 1986, epidemic of Tsutsugamushi disease was found in Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces, belonged to the Autumn-Winter type. Till now, epidemic of this disease have been reported in Tianjin, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Auhui and Beijing. There were a few ca- ses in Jilin, Liaoning and Heilongjiang. In Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces ,L. scutellare was the dominant species on rats and its seasonal distribution was correlated with the incidence of Tsutsugamushi disease in inhabitants. This mite could naturally be infected by Or, and Ot could be transmitted via biting and transovarial tranmission. The above re- sults demonstrate that L. scutellare can serve as the main transmitting vector of Tsutsugamushi disease of Autumn-Win- ter type in China. L. palpale and L. linhuaikongertse in Shangdong,L. apodemi in Shanxi ,L. orintal in Jiling were regar- ded as the suspicious vector.