豚鼠心传导系的形态学研究(Ⅰ)——豚鼠窦房结、房室结及房室束等的光镜观察

The morphology of the cardiac conduction system in the guinea－pig(Ⅰ) ：Light microscopic observation on the sinuatrial node,the atrioventricular node and the atrioventricular bundle of the guinea-pig

目的：为临床心血管试验提供形态学资料。方法：对10例豚鼠的心脏，采用组织切片和图像分析方法，观察心传导系的位置、形态和组织结构。结果：窦房结位于腔耳角处及界沟的上中部。其形态呈“拐杖”，约3.0 mm×0.7 mm×0.2 mm。窦房结内细胞排列疏松，主要由P细胞和T细胞构成。房室结位于三尖瓣隔侧瓣上方和二尖瓣前下方的房室隔内，中心纤维体右后上方。冠状切面近似倒置的三角形，约1.1 mm×0.8 mm×0.5 mm。房室结主要有相互交织的呈“网状”的细胞构成，P细胞和T细胞数量比窦房结少。房室束位于房室结的前下方的室间隔肌部上方，约1.2 mm×1.1 mm×0.4 mm。结论：该项研究为心传导系的基础与临床研究提供详细的形态学基础。

Objective:To provide the morphological data for the clinical cardiovascular experiments. Methods:The localization,morphology and histology of the cardiac con du ction system were observed on 10 guinea－pigs with the methods of tissue section s and image analysis.Results:The sinuatrial node(SAN) was identified in the wall of the c ava－appendage and in the superior and middian part of crista terminals.Its shap e looked like “walking stick” and its size is 3.0 mm×0.7 mm×0.2 mm.The nodal cells were scattered,chiefly consisted of P cells and T cells.The atrioventricu lar node(AVN) of the guinea－pig was located within atrioventricular septum betw een the supper margin of septal valve of tricuspid valve and the anulus of anter ior valve of mitral valve and at the right posterior side of central fibrous bo dy.The frontal plane of AVN was simillar to triangle,with its size of 1.1 mm×0. 9 mm×0.5 mm.The AVN mainly consisted of interweaved cells and formed lattice pa ttern.The numbers of T cells and P cells within AVN were less than those of SAN. The atrioventricular bundle was situated at the superior of muscular part of ven tricular septum,and at the anterior－inferior of AVN.Its size was 1.2 mm×1.1 mm ×0.4 mm.Conclusions:These results could furnish a detail morphological basis for the basic and clinical study of the cardiac conduction system.