日本甲烷水合物开发现状与进展

Japan′s Methane Hydrate Development Today and Advances

世界陆地和深海甲烷水合物（MH）合计原始储量为2×10·6m3。日本周边已确认的MH储量为6x101Zm3以上。目前．美国和日本的MH开发计划均以砂质层中的MH为主要开发对象。2001年7月日本“MH开发研讨委员会”提出了“日本MH开发计划”，并组建了MH21研究企业集团实施从基础研究到商业化生产的开发计划。计划的第一阶段（2001～2008年度）实施基础研究，调查东部南海海沟的资源量。第二阶段（2009～2015年度）目标为：选择日本近海资源场地，实施世界首次减压法的生产试验；为商业规模生产配备机器设备、拟定操作程序并研究其经济性；验证环境影响监控设备等。第三阶段（2016～2018年度）实现商业化的技术开发。日本2008年度完成了第一个阶段的任务。推荐减压法适用于日本周边海域的MH天然气生产。第二阶段和第三阶段相当于技术的发展成长期。2018年以后转向商业化开发阶段后，民营企业将成为主体，承担技术、经济、环境方面的风险。美国进行了注入CO2的MH天然气生产现场实验。印度、韩国和我国也开始MH研究开发工作。

The world＇s total initial methane hydrate （MH） reserves in place in both onshore and offshore de posits currently stand at The MH reserves confirmed in the perimeters of Japan exceed Both the United States＇ and Japan＇ MH development plans are primarily targeting MH in sand formations. Japan＇s MH Development Study and Discussion Committee released the ＂Japan MH Development Program＂ in July 2001 and established the Research Consortium for Methane Hydrate Resources in Japan （also known as MH21） to implement the program from basic study to commercial production.The first phase of the program （2001-2008） was basic study,devised to investigate the amount of resources in the South Sea trench in the east.The targets of the second phase of the program （2009-2015） are to select resource sites off Japan＇s coast to carry out the world＇s first trial production using the depressurization method,to configure machinery and equipment ,design opertional procedures and study their economical efficiencies for commercial production, and to test environmental impact monitoring equipment.In the third phase of the program （2016-2018）,tech nological development will be commercialized.Japan successfully completed the first phase of its MH develop ment program in 2008 and concluded that the depressurization method is suitable for use in MH production off Japan＇s coast.The second and third phases of the program are virtually the growth periods of technologi cal development.After eommerieal production starts in 2018,private enterprises will become the main players in MH production and bear the technical,economic and environmental risks involved.The United States has conducted field tests on MH production involving the injection of CO2.India,South Korea and China have also begun to research and develop MH.