农村乡镇垃圾管理的可持续发展探讨——四川孝儿镇垃圾管理分类成本研究

Discussion of Sustainable Development of Waste Management in Rural China Town——A Case Study of Waste Classification Management Cost of Xiao'er Town in Sichuan

四川省珙县孝儿镇是国内在农村乡镇率先开展垃圾分类尝试的地区之一。论文采用成本分析法分析2011年四川孝儿镇垃圾管理年度成本的结构和特点,并根据成本分析结果计算垃圾管理的吨成本。分析显示在农村地区开展垃圾管理分类涉及到显性成本和隐性成本,在孝儿镇垃圾分类管理572058元的年度总开支中,显性成本占79%,隐性成本为21%。显性成本包括清运成本、终端处置和管理成本。隐性成本对长期开展垃圾分类有着重要的支持作用,包括监督和支持人力成本、社区能力建设和宣传教育成本。提高分类回收率和就近利用率以及吸引私人资本参与垃圾管理可优化成本,增强垃圾管理的经济可持续性。

Xiao＇er town in Sichuan province is one of the filst rural towns in China which started household waste classification system. By using the method of cost analysis, this paper analyzed the annual cost structure and features of waste management system in Xiao＇er town in 2011, and calculated the cost per ton based on the cost analysis results. The analysis showed that there were explicit cost and implicit cost involved when developing a waste classification management system in rural China. Among the total annual cost of 572058RMB in 2011, the explicit cost was 79% while the implicit cost was 21%. The explicit cost includes cleaning and transportation cost, treatment and management cost. The implicit cost plays important supporting roles for implementing waste classification in a long run, which involves labor cost for monitoring and supporting, local community capacity building and education cost. Improving waste classification rate, nearby utilization rate and attracting private capital for waste management, could optimize cost and improve economic sustainability of waste management.