建筑空间知觉的研究──一种基于画面分析的方法

THE PERCEPTION OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACE——A Method Based on Pictorial Analysis

前面几篇关于空间知觉的文章主要涉及的是平面图形，或是现代抽象绘画，或是抽象空间图形。这是因为现代建筑设计和理论中关于空间的讨论主要是基于平面图形中的图底关系。而且．从设计方法的角度而言，抽象空间图形是设计的起点，是平面或剖面的抽象，蕴含了一个建筑空间组织的最核心的概念。为了强调空间讨论的这一平面图形范畴，我在前面的几篇文章中刻意避免使用建筑的照片或透视图来讨论问题。唯一的例外是第二篇文章的结束，在引用几个建筑的平面时也同时附上建筑的照片，但是并没有去讨论这些照片的意义。此外，前一篇文章专门讨论了空间策略和空间体验之间的关系，这时建筑空间的透视图对于认识空间策略就变的十分的关键。然而，我们似乎还是缺少一个关于空间透视图的专门讨论，这就是本文的目的。本文的一个核心问题是当我们在观察一幅建筑空间的照片时究竟看到了什么？首先，我们要建立一个建筑空间照片解析的方法，并对相关的要素作逐一的讨论，最后，试图借助于这一方法作不同空间组织策略的空间体验的研究。

In this article, Gu Daqing shifts his subject of study from plan diagrams to photo images of architectural space with an intention to develop a method of pictorial analysis through which the characteristics of space can be precisely understood.What do we see when looking at a photo of architectural space? We see eight aspects or visual elements: element, space, perspective, plasticity, light, color,texture, and surface pattern. These eight aspects can be classified according to two principles, essential form and visual appearance of space. The size, volume,and definition of a space are properties of essential form, while the other aspects are modifiers which can change the appearance of a space and influence how we see that space. Gu Daqing further explains the meaning of these visual elements in terms of their impacts on the perception of architectural space. Then,he introduces two variations of application of this method in teaching, the first is a pure pictorial analysis and the second is a combination of pictorial analysis and plan analysis. The latter certainly has more potential as a method of study.