单沟泥石流灾害应急处置基本问题分析

Analysis on the Basic Issues of Emergency Disposal for Single Debris Flow Disaster

泥石流是我国主要的突发地质灾害类型之一,其危害严重。近年来,我国重大泥石流灾害事件时有发生,但其应急处置技术尚缺乏研究。本文通过对2008年以来我国单沟泥石流灾害案例的分析,开展了单沟泥石流灾害应对情景、处置内容、处置机理和处置程序等应急处置基本问题的研究。结果表明:泥石流灾害具有预警困难、时效性强、可控性差和搜救率低等应对特点,应对情景可分为超前防护、临灾管控和灾后救治三种类型;单沟泥石流灾害处置主要包括承灾体、泥石流和公共性危机三类共十项处置内容;初步提出了泥石流处置的遭遇阻断、耦合阻断机制,并建立了由三个环节五个步骤构成的处置程序系统。该研究可为泥石流地质灾害应急预案的编制和现场处置的部署提供指导。

Debris flow is a main type of geological disasters in China and has caused serious harm.In recent years,major debris flow disasters have occurred;however,emergency disposal technology is still short of studies.This paper analyzes typical single debris flow cases that have occurred since 2008and researches on the basic issues of emergency disposal,such as response scenario,disposal content,disposal mechanism and process and so on.The results show that:single debris flow disasters have the response characteristics of difficult warning,strong timeliness,poor controllability,low rescue rate and so on,and there should be three response scenarios of advance protection,disaster facing control and post-disaster temporary treatment;and the disposals of single debris flow include harzard-affected body disposal,debris flow disposal and public crisis disposal.Based on these results,the paper initially proposes emergency response mechanism of encountering block and coupling block,and then builds the disposal programming system with three links and five steps.This study provides guidance for the preparation of emergency plan and the deployment of on-site disposal.