我国登山运动应急救援社会化服务体系构建研究

Construction on the Socialization Service System for the Emergency Rescue of Mountaineering in China

登山运动在我国日益普遍,遇险事件时有发生,而过度公共服务化的救援模式广受质疑,如何整合有关资源、提高应急救援能力和效率是值得研究的问题。本文针对目前我国登山运动在救援主体、管理体制、应急指挥系统、外部环境等方面实施社会化救援存在的一些不足,通过总结一些国家或地区登山运动应急救援的经验,指出我国登山运动应急救援社会化服务体系应是政府、民间救援组织、登山协会救援队、保险公司、公安消防机构等共同参与,且以有偿救援为主的一种服务网络模式,并从政策制定、保险市场建设、救援资质管理、服务模式、救援机构整合等方面提出了社会化救援的建议。

Mountaineering is increasingly becoming widespread in China,but distress incidents have occurred occasionally.At the same time,the rescue mode of excessive public service is widely criticized,so how to integrate the resources to improve the capability and efficiency of emergency rescue is an issue worthy of study.This paper analyzes the obstacles of socialization rescue from the perspectives of rescue subject,management system,emergency command system and external environment.On the basis of summing up the mountaineering emergency rescue experience of USA and Hong Kong of China,the paper proposes to establish the socialization service system of emergency rescue,which is a paid service network,consisting of government,private rescuing organization,mountaineering association rescuing team,insurance company and public security department.In addition,the paper also puts forward suggestions from such aspects as policy making,the construction of insurance market,the management of rescue qualification,the mode of service and the integration of rescuing organizations.