莎士比亚第18首十四行诗中的“春”、“夏”之再议

Rethinking on the Controversial Translation of “Summer”in Shakespeare's Sonnet 18

在众多国内译者将该莎士比亚的第18首十四行诗中的"summer"译作夏天后,有学者提出"summer"在中古英语中兼指春夏,因此在结合诗篇中出现的其他词汇后,主张将其译为"春日",并认为了解英语语言史和英国诗歌传统是更好地理解这首诗的钥匙。在翻译中,对单个词汇语言层面的理解和相应意象的塑造固然重要,但也应结合诗人所要突出的意象的特点和语篇的整体意图予以理解。该诗中"summer"究竟翻译成"春日"还是"夏天",不仅体现对词汇本意的了解和尊重,更是对所诗歌文本的语篇语境和文本语境的重视。

The word ＂summer＂ in Shakespeare＇s well -appreciated Sonnet 18 is translated in the lexically - matched.meaning, i.e. , ＂summer＂, by Chinese translators. Yet some scholars have different opinions. They hold that ＂summer＂ could mean both summer and spring in Middle English and that knowledge on English linguistie history and the tradition in English poems would provide easier access to a better understanding of the Sonnet 18. The appropriate translation of ＂summer＂ in this sonnet depends not only on the understanding and respect on the word by its lexical meaning, but also on the entire consideration of the discourse context and text context.