利用水生植物组合净化白洋淀富营养化水体研究

Application of Combined Aquatic Plants to Control Eutrophic Water in Baiyangdian Lake

选取白洋淀的优势水生植物,在围隔中构建挺水植物—浮叶植物—沉水植物的水生植物群落组合,以净化白洋淀富营养化水体,并比较各种水生植物组合的净化效应。研究结果表明,围隔内各组水生植物组合能去除水体中的营养盐;其中,芦苇(Phragmites australis)、香蒲(Typha orientalis)、荷花(Nelumbo nucifera)、轮藻(Chara sp.)、篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)植物群落组合对水体中溶解性总氮和总磷去除效果较好;芦苇、香蒲、荷花、轮藻、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)植物群落组合对水体中溶解性氨氮的去除效果最好;芦苇、香蒲、荷花、篦齿眼子菜植物群落组合对水体中溶解性硝态氮和总磷的去除效果较好。由于总氮对白洋淀水体污染的贡献最大,因此,优先选择的植物群落组合为芦苇、香蒲、荷花、轮藻和篦齿眼子菜。

In Baiyangdian Lake, hydrophyte communities were constructed by emergent plant, sub- merged plant and floating plant that were dominant plant species. The objective was to investigate ef- fects of various hydrophyte communities on controlling nutrient concentrations in the water through me- socosm experiment. The results showed that all hydrophyte communities had positive effect on control- ling nutrient concentrations in the water. For example, the contents of soluble total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water were effectively controlled by the hydrophyte community composed by Phrag- mites australis, Typha orientalls, Nelumbo nucifera, Chara sp. and Potamogeton pectinatus. Ammonia ni- trogen in the water was effectively controlled by the hydrophyte community composed by Phragmites australis, Typha orientalis, Nelumbo nucifera, Chara sp. and CeratophyUum demersum. The contents of soluble nitrate and total phosphorus were effectively controlled by the hydrophyte community com- posed by Phragmites australis, Typha orientalis, Nelumbo nucifera and Potamogeton pectinatus. Due to the fact that water pollution in Baiyangdian Lake was mainly caused by the content of total nitrogen, the hydrophyte community composed by Phragmites and Potamogeton pectinatus was selected first. australis, Typha orientalis, Nelumbo nucifera, Chara sp.