《经传释词》的训诂特色评介

Towards the Features of Exegetics in Jin Zhuan Shi Ci

本文对清代训诂学家王引之《经传释词》一书的考证,认为此书以声音训诂为主要方法以诠释古代汉语虚词系统,全书以声纽系统"七音"划分为十卷,对于一百六十个虚字加以分字编次。通过对"如"、"因"、"以"、"與"、"终众"、"羌"等条目的考证,认为此书运用声同义近的原则以考察虚词的用法和意义,有许多条目破除了千年训诂的疑惑,具有创造意义。因此,《经传释词》以声音训诂训解虚词,是抓住了解释复杂纷纭的古代汉语虚词系统的正确方法,是一部具有创造性的虚词著作。此书也存在不少瑕疵,如过分信从声训,误以实词解作虚词等等。

This paper reports a textual research on Jin Zhuan Shi Ci by Wang Yinzhi, an expert of Chinese ex- egetics. In ten volumes compiled at the logic of the vocal system of ＂Qi Yin＂, the book studies function words sys- tem in ancient Chinese f especially the classification of 160 function words, from perspective of vocal exegetics. Through explanations in ancient books on particular words, such as ＂ ru＂ ,＂ yin＂ ,＂ yi＂ ,＂ yu＂ ,＂ zhong zhong＂ ,＂ qiang＂ （ ＂如＂ ,＂因＂ ,＂以＂ ,＂舆＂ ,＂终众＂ ,＂羌＂ ）, this paper analyzes this book~ creative significance in solving long - existed exegetical problems by explaining function words＇meaning and usage via the principle of ＂similar pro- nouncing, similar meaning＂. Therefore, this paper concludes that an appropriate approach of vocal exegetics is a- dopted in Jin Zhuan Shi Ci, also points out some defects ics＂, and misunderstanding which contributes to its greatness in the history of books on function words. This paper existed in this book, such as too much dependence on the principle of ＂vocal exeget- notional words as function words.