浅析仪式对个体的影响

Analyzing the Impacts of Rites on Individuals

仪式对人的作用在于改变或强化人们的观念,而这一功能的达成是通过对某个观念的态度形成、转变与强化来进行的。通过仪式活动改变人们的态度比起其他方式来说,有其独到的优势。仪式不仅可以改变人的态度,还可以通过群体心理的传染性和易受暗示性对人进行精神控制。社会仪式观念和思想的表达是微观具体的,特定的仪式类型其表达方式有所不同。仪式的这种程式化、陈规化和重复性特点及其带来的"体化记忆"直接影响到人们的世界观和价值观,其效用不仅限于仪式的场合,还渗透在非仪式性行为和心理中。

The impacts of rites can change or consolidate people＇s concepts, and the functions are realized by the for- mation, transformation and enforcement of attitudes towards a certain concept. To change people＇ attitudes by means of ritual activities achieves its own advantages comparing to other means. Rites can not only change people＇s attitudes but also conduct people＇ spiritual control through infectiousness and susceptibility to suggestibility of group psychology. The expression of social ritual concepts and ideology are microcosmic and specific. Any certain type of rites has its own specific expression. Rites possess the characteristics of stylization, conventionalization and repeatability and ＂in- corporating memory＂ which directly impact people＇ world outlook and value. The effectiveness is not only confined to the ritual occasions but also to the non-ritualistic behavior and psychology.