儿童灰质异位症的研究进展

Advances in gray matter heterotopia in children

灰质异位症为神经元移行障碍的一种,可分为室管膜下型、皮层下型、板层型及混合型四种临床类型;发生于神经元移行期的各种理化及生物因素、遗传因素均可导致该症的产生.最新研究表明,基因异常在灰质异位症,尤其是室管膜下型灰质异位症及板层型灰质异位症的发生中,占有重要作用,且其表现有一定特异性.灰质异位症儿童期发病主要表现为发育落后、癫（痫）及运动障碍,其诊断主要依靠影像学检查,尤其是磁共振检查.磁共振新技术,如磁共振波谱分析、功能磁共振等可协助诊断该病.

Gray matter heterotopias,which can be classified into subependymal heterotopia,subcortical heterotopia,band heterotopia and mixed heterotopia,belongs to neuronal migration disorders.Any factors including physical or chemical factors,biological factors and genetical factors that occur during neuronal migration phase can lead to gray matter heterotopias.The latest studies have revealed many genes are involved in the pathogenesis of gray matter heterotopias,especially in subependymal heterotopia and band heterotopia with their own characteristics.The main clinical disorders in pediatric heterotopias include developmental delay,epilepsy and motor disturbance.The diagnosis of the disease is made through neuroimaging examinations especially magnetic resonance imagings.The advanced magnetic techniques like magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance can be helpful in the final diagnosis.