宪法监督权的刑事法界限探析

Defining Citizens' Constitutional Rights to Supervision and Its Implications for Criminal Law

宪法第41条规定"不得捏造或者歪曲事实进行诬告陷害",刑法中诽谤罪"捏造事实,诽谤他人名誉的行为"作为部门法的具体限定之一;真实性证明作为处罚阻却事由的性质,公民宪法监督言论的范围受到不必要的限制,宪法监督言论的刑事入罪标准应当区别一般言论的刑事入罪标准;宪法监督权的言论属于刑法中的"允许的危险",行为人履行一定的义务作为前提,应当排除宪法监督言论的刑事有责性。

Article 41 of the Constitution provides that ＂there should be no fabrication or distortion of facts for false accusation＂, and as the specification of this constitutional spirit, the criminal law has the corresponding provision to define the crime of ＂fabricating facts to slander others＂ ; the burden to prove the truth of the accusation put citizens＇ freedom to exercise their supervision rights under unnec- essary restrictions. The criteria for incriminating the constitutional supervisory speech action should be distinguished from those for incriminating the ordinary speech action. The speech made for exercising constitutional supervision belongs to the ＂allowed dangers＂ in the criminal law; when the necessary obligations are fulfilled as a prerequisite, the speech should be exempted from legal punishment