论话说结构的研究沿革

Studies on Topic-Comment Structure: A Historical Overview

话说结构的探讨可追溯到维尔的"起始-目的"说。甲柏连孜首先就汉语事实提出"心理主语-心理谓语"结构,并且是三个平面理论的初创者。为反对模仿"主-谓"框架,陈承泽曾提出"标语-说明语"框架。直到霍凯特讨论了英语和汉语中的话题现象,赵元任受其启迪才主张汉语主-谓的语法意义是话题-说明。李纳等依据类型说提出汉语是话题凸显型语言,刘宏谟则依据海外汉语教学实践提出"引-申"分析法。汉语有S、T、V、O四个基本句法成分的观点,既损坏了传统语法系统的自恰性,又拆散了话说结构自身的匹配性。本文基于"名词牵头说"和话题语-说明语的匹配关系,提出了"范畴系统+匹配框架"研究的新思路。

The investigation of topic-comm purpose＂ proposed by Weil. Gabelentz is subject-psychological predicate＂ in terms o ent structure can be traced back to the theory the first scholar introducing the structure of f Chinese language, and the pioneering innov of ＂initiation- psychological ator suggesting the three-plane theory. In order to oppose the imitation of ＂ subject-predicate＂ framework, Chen Chengze put forward a ＂target-comment＂ framework. Inspired by Hockett＇s discussion of the topic in English and Chinese, Chao Yen-Ren claimed that the grammatical sense of subject-predicate is a ＂top- ic-comment＂. Charles N. Li proposed that Chinese is a topic-prominent language based on language typology. According to the Chinese teaching practice outside China, Liu Hongmo put forward the anal- ysis of ＂topic-state＂. This paper disagrees with Xu and Liu＇s position that Chinese has four basic syn- tactic elements of S, T, V, O. In addition, owing to the ＂Initial-NP Determinism＂ and the matching relationship of the topic-comment, this paper proposes a new perspective in topic-comment research with a combination of categorization systems and matching frames.