后苏联时期俄乌关系中的历史、文化因素

Historic and Cultural Elements in Russia-Ukraine Relationship during the Post-Soviet Era

俄罗斯人与乌克兰人同源于东斯拉夫人,双方在宗教、文化上都有很多相同之处,但也有不少差别。西乌克兰由于受波兰长期统治,在文化上与俄罗斯的差别就更大。300多年来,乌克兰曾是俄国与苏联的一部分,经历了"俄罗斯化"过程,同时也有苏联时期大清洗、大饥荒等痛苦的经历,卫国战争期间,一些乌克兰人还曾与德国合作反对苏联。这些历史、文化因素使乌克兰东西部在对俄关系上有明显差异,也在苏联解体后与俄罗斯的关系中引起了一系列争议甚至冲突。

Russians and Ukrainians both belong to Eastern Slavs. Both share many similarities in religion and culture in spite of few differences. Dominated by Poland for a long time, however, West Ukraine differs more in culture from Russia. During the past over 300 years, Ukraine has been part of Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union, not only experiencing the 'Russification' but also suffering from the Great Purge and Holodomor. As a result, some Ukrainians were accused of collaborating with Germany in fighting against the Soviet Union during the Patriotic War. All these historic and cultural elements have led to different attitudes of East and West Ukraine towards Russia. Moreover, it also arouses many disputes and conflicts between their relations after the collapse of the Soviet Union.