青藏高原东缘湿地生态系统生物量差异

Differences in the Biomass of Ecological System of Wetlands in the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

青藏高原东缘拥有大量的湿地,是我国重要河流的发源地。这一地区湿地的变化会影响我国内陆地区的生态环境。研究地点选取青藏高原东缘的3处典型湿地:若尔盖高原湿地,九寨沟湿地及虹口自然保护区湿地。本文通过对这一地区生物量变化的观测,研究结果发现通过比较,在地上生物量方面进行对比可以发现甘海子和其他3组都与有相关性,且相关性明显(P<0.01)。而其他3组相互之间具有显著差异。在地下生物量方面若尔盖地区的数据和其他3个地区具有显著相关性(P<0.05)。高海拔地区的生物量要比低海拔地区的生物量要高。甘海子和九寨沟的距离极为接近,但甘海子的地上生物量却是九寨沟湿地的2倍(F=9.05,P<0.01)。而甘海子和九寨的的地下生物量没有显著性差异。在固碳效果方面甘海子湿地>若尔盖湿地>九寨沟湿地>虹口保护区。湿地类型是影响生物量变化的主要因素,其次是人类活动。

The eastern margin of the Qing-hai-Tibetan Plateau boasts plenty of wetlands, and also is the source area of major rivers in China. And therefore the changes of the wetlands in this region will largely influence the inland ecological environment. The study sites were selected in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and they were：Rouergai wetland, Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve wetland and Hongkou Nature Reserve wet- land. Investigations were made on the aboveground biomass of wetland plant communities in the study sites and the results indicated that there was a significant correlation （p 〈0. 01 ） between the study sites; and the underground biomass in Ruoergai wetland had a significant correlation （ p 〈 0. 05 ） among other sites. The biomass at higher altitudes was larger than that at lower altitudes. There was a significant higher a- bove-ground biomass （ F = 9.05, P 〈 0. 01 ） in Ganhaizi wetland than that in Jiuzhaigou wetland, and their distance was close; while there was no significant correlation in underground biomass among three sites. In terms of carbon sequestration, the order was Ganhaizi Wetland 〉 Ruoergai Wetland 〉 Jiuzhaigou Wetland 〉 Hongkou wetland. The main factor impacting the biamass change should be the types of wet- lands and then followed by human activities.