广州市居民含反式脂肪酸食物消费状况调查

Consumption status of main trans fatty acid-containing food for residents in Guangzhou City

目的了解广州市居民含反式脂肪酸(TFA)食物消费状况。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法并考虑广州市区域发展水平差异,2011年抽取广州市越秀区、荔湾区、黄埔区、白云区、番禺区、花都区和南沙区进行调查。对每个区进行系统抽样抽取6个居委会,每个居委会随机抽取40户,凡抽中的住户≥3岁家庭成员均进行调查。采用自行设计的问卷,问卷调查内容包括调查户家庭基本情况、调查对象个人基本情况和个人过去3个月内含TFA食物消费的频率。调查户基本情况调查包括家庭经济收入、家庭人口数、民族等,调查对象基本情况调查包括年龄、性别、职业等。对调查结果进行描述性流行病学分析。结果本研究共调查5 244名≥3岁广州市居民,男、女性分别为2 565、2 679人,性别比为1∶0.96,3～、7～、13～、18～和≥50岁人群人数分别为931(占17.8%)、1 064(20.3%)、1 063(20.3%)、1 797(34.2%)、389(7.4%)人。文化程度以高中、中专以上为主,占60.1%(3 152/5 244)。2011年平均每月家庭年收入<3 000、3 000～、5 000～和≥8 000元人数分别占22.5%(1 178/5 244)、22.0%(1 148/5 244)、19.9%(1 043/5 244)和32.5%(1 704/5 244)。广州市≥3岁居民含TFA食物平均消费量较高的分别为乳类、食用植物油、面包、糕点、冷冻饮品、生鲜肉及制品和油炸食品,依次为141.18、25.55、25.34、19.43、19.33、19.09和17.18 g/d。乳类、面包、糕点类、膨化食品、油炸食品、速冻食品、冷冻饮品、固体饮料、巧克力糖果类等食品在不同年龄组人群的平均消费量的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中7～12、13～17岁人群在以上食品类别的平均消费量较高。乳类、面包、糕点类、油炸食品、速冻食品、冷冻饮品、固体饮料和巧克力糖果类不同收入水平居民含TFA食物的平均消费量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中平均每月家庭纯收入≥8 000元的家庭以上食品类别的平均消费量较高。结论含TFA食物的消费量在广州市7～17岁学龄儿童和青少年人群中较高,有必要开展典型消费人群相关调查,为下一步开展风险评估提供参考。

Objective To investigate intake levels of trans fatty acid（ TFA）-containing food. Methods Districts of Yuexiu,Liwan,Huangpu,Baiyun,Panyu,Huadu,and Nansha in Guangzhou were chosen by multi-stage random sampling method and considering differences in the level of regional development. Six resident committees were systematically sampled in each district. Forty households were randomly chosen in each committee. All family members aged 3 years and over were investigated. The self-designed questionnaire covered the basic situation of households,basic personal situation and the consumption frequency of TFA-containing food in the past three months. The basic situation of households included family income,number of household members,ethnic,etc. The basic personal situation included age,gender, occupation,and so on. The data were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiologic method. Results A total of 5 244 residents aged 3 years and over were investigated,of whom 2 565 were male and 2 679 were female,and the ratio of male to female was 1∶ 0. 96. The number（ percentage） in the groups aged 3 to 6,7 to 12,13 to 17,18 to 49,and≥50 years were 931（ 17. 8%）,1 064（ 20. 3%）,1 063（ 20. 3%）, 1 797（ 34. 2%）,and 389（ 7. 4%）,respectively. Their education level was mainly middle school or higher,accounting for 60. 1%（ 3 152 /5 244） of the total population. Percentages of average monthly household income in 2011 at 3 000,3 000-,5 000and ≥8 000 Yuan were 22. 5%（ 1 178 /5 244）, 22. 0%（ 1 148 /5 244）,19. 9%（ 1 043 /5 244）,and 32. 5%（ 1 704 /5 244）,respectively. Foods containing much more TFA were milk,hydrogenated vegetable oil,bread,pastries,frozen drinks,fresh meat and products,and fried food,and the consumed contents were 141. 18,25. 55,25. 34,19. 43,19. 33, 19. 09,and 17. 18 g / d,respectively. The average intake levels of milk,bread,pastries,puffed food, fried food,quick-frozen food,frozen drinks,solid beverage,and chocolate candies between different aged groups were significantly different（ all P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01）,of which average intake levels in groups aged 712 and 1317 years were higher than other age groups. Average intake levels of milk,bread, pastries,fried food,quick-frozen food,frozen drinks,solid beverage,chocolate,and candies between different family income groups were significantly different（ all P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01）,of which the average intake levels in ≥8 000 Yuan group were higher than other groups. Conclusion School-age children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years in Guangzhou had higher intake levels of TFA-containing food. It is necessary to carry out further research in this population,to lay a foundation for the following risk assessment.