石门台自然保护区不同森林群落类型结构组成及物种多样性

Stand structure and diversity of different forest types in Shimentai Nature Reserve

基于3个标准样地(100 m×100 m)植被的全面调查,研究了石门台自然保护区针阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林和山顶矮林3类典型森林群落冠层树种的结构组成和物种多样性特征。结果表明:针阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林和山顶矮林冠层树种组成分别为31科41属48种、23科39属49种和38科58属75种;科、属、种组成复杂,优势科和优势种明显,3类群落共有的科和种分别为茶科Theaceae和木荷Schima superba;常绿阔叶林结构稳定,除密度和盖度外,胸径、树高和冠幅均高于针阔混交林和山顶矮林,山顶矮林结构稳定性次之,针阔混交林结构极不稳定;除物种丰富度外,山顶矮林、针阔混交林的物种Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、物种均匀度均显著高于常绿阔叶林。本研究结果为生物多样性保护、退化生态系统的恢复重建提供了科学依据。

Based on a comprehensive survey of the vegetations inside three standard plots （100 m × 100 m）, the stand structure, species composition and diversity characteristics of trees among three typical forest communities were investigated, which were coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest and montane elfin forest in Shimentai Nature Reserve. The results show that there were 48 tree species belonging to 31 families and 41 genera, 49 tree species belonging to 23 families and 39 genera, and 75 tree species belonging to 38 families and 58 genera recorded in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest and montane elfin forest, respectively; The composition of family, genus, species were complicated, and the dominant families and species were obvious; The same family and species of three forests were Theaceae and Schima superb, respectively; The structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest was stable, in addition to the density and coverage, the DBH, tree height and crown breadth of which were higher than montane elfin forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest; The structures of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest were unstable; In addition to the richness index, the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and evenness index of the montane elfin forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest were higher than the evergreen broad-leaved forest. The findings provide a scientific base for biodiversity conservation and restoration of degraded habitats in subtropical China.