广西钦州港红树林区鱼类物种多样性分析

THE FISH SPECIES DIVERSITY ANALYSIS IN MANGROVE OF MAOWEI GULF IN QINZHOU,GUANGXI PROVINCE

根据2011年5月至2012年4月在广西钦州港红树林区域的逐月采样数据，对该水域鱼类的种类组成、优势物种和物种多样性的时空变化进行分析。本文共发现鱼类65种，隶属于12目33科54属；以鲈形目为主，占总物种数的58．46％；虾虎鱼科占优势，占总个体数的40．35％。研究区域内优势物种为青斑细棘虾虎鱼、乌塘鳢和眶棘双边鱼。相对于国内其它红树林区域，钦州港红树林区的鱼类物种数量较少。该红树林区鱼类群落的Margalef物种丰富度指数（Dma）范围为1．86～5．30，Simpson优势度指数（x）的范围为0．07～0．46，Shannon—Wiener物种多样性指数（H’）的变化范围为2．10～4．05，Pielou均匀度指数（E）的范围为0．45～0．87；丰富度指数（Dma）、多样性指数（H’）和均匀度指数（E）的月度变化基本一致，而优势度指数（λ）与前几个指数呈相反的变化趋势。最后根据调查结果和保护现状提出对红树林区的保护建议。

Survey had been made aiming at the wild fish species diversity by monthly sampling from May 2011 to April 2012 in Qinzhou Harbor mangroves. The studied area is part of Maowei Gulf mangrove Nature Reserve in Qinzhou, Guangxi province. Temporal variation of fish species composition, dominant species and species diversity were analyzed. Sixty-five species, belonging to fifty-four genera, thirty-three families and twelve orders were collected. Fishes from Perciformes are the main component in the fish fauna of the mangrove zone, consisting 58.46~ of all species, and Gobies are the dominant species, consisting 40. 35~ of all species individuals. The most dominant species are Acentrogobius viridipunctatus, Bostryehus sinensis and Ambassis gymnocephalus. The results indicated that compared to other mangrove areas, the fish species amount are relatively low in this mangrove. The Margalef species richness index Dr~ range of 1.86-5.30, the Simpson dominance index λ range of 0.07-0.46, the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index H＇ range of 2.10-4.05, the Pielou evenness index E range of 0. 45-0.87. The variation tendency of Dma, H＇ and E are basic consistent, but . present the opposite change tendency. On the basis of the survey results and protection status proposed of this forest, some suggestions on the protection of mangrove were put forward last.