中国中部地区农村聚居分异特征及形成机制

Differentiation characteristics and forming mechanism of rural settlements in Central China

采用样点分析、样带分析相结合的方法,从聚居规模与空间形态、聚居设施与居住条件、聚居主体与社会结构等农村聚居核心特征要素出发,探讨我国中部地区农村聚居空间分异特征及形成机制。研究表明:我国中部地区农村聚居具有明显的空间分异特征,呈现平原—丘陵—山区地域梯度、发达—欠发达—落后经济梯度、近郊—远郊—偏远距离梯度规律;农村聚居空间分异是自然地理条件、经济发展与收入水平、城镇化与城乡关系、地域文化环境以及国家政策与制度调控等多种因素综合作用的结果,各因素作用程度、方向、效应不同,并相互制约与影响;自然地理条件属于稳定型因子,重点作用于平原—丘陵—山区地域梯度,产生"持续强化效应";经济发展与收入水平、城镇化与城乡关系属于动态型因子,主要作用于发达—欠发达—落后经济梯度、近郊—远郊—偏远距离梯度,产生"倒U型阶段效应";地域文化环境是影响农村聚居较为深刻和本质的因素,通过影响聚居主体价值体系与行为习惯发生作用,属于半稳定性因子,产生"双向均衡效应"。

This paper makes a deep analysis of the differentiation characteristics and forming mechanism of rural settlements in Central China, in view of the core characteristic elements about rural settlements, such as scale and spatial form, facilities and housing condition, subject and social structure. The sampling-point method and transects method are adopted. The results are shown as follows. The spatial differentiation of rural settlements are obvious in Central China, and the ＂plain-hill-mountain＂ regional gradient, ＂developed-undeveloped- underdeveloped＂ economic gradient and ＂suburb-outer suburb-country＂ distance gradient are prominent. The factors has a joint effect, which include physiographic conditions, economic development and level of income, urbanization and urban-rural relationship, regional culture, national policy and systems, and so on. The factors are interacting and influencing each other in different ways. Physiographic conditions are stable factor that mainly affect ＂plain-hill- mountain＂ regional gradient, by the ＂continuous reinforcement effect＂. Economic development and level of income, urbanization and urban-rural relationship are dynamic factors that mainly affect ＂developed-undeveloped-underdeveloped＂ economic gradient and ＂suburb-outer suburb-country＂ distance gradient, by the ＂inverted ＇U＇ stage effect＂. In addition, regional culture influences rural settlements deeply and essentially by affecting peasant households＇ value system and behavior habit, which are semi-stable factors producing ＂bidirectional equilibrium effect＂.