论北京农村空间的商品化与城乡关系

A study on commodification in rural space and the relationship between urban and rural areas in Beijing City

基于后生产主义理论,讨论了北京农村空间的商品化与城乡关系问题,并从理论抽象方面取得了以下认识:①无论农村与城镇,空间是一种抽象的概念,理论上,自然界的纯粹空间不具有商品价值意义。空间的商品化是与一定的人类经济生产活动和生产方式相联系而存在和逐步显现的;②在经济全球化与可持续发展的背景下,随着社会经济力的增强、后生产主义思想的蔓延,人类生产活动日益丰富,空间的商品化也进一步显现;③改革开放以来,北京农村的景观、土地利用、就业、生活形态、旅游业的快速发展使得北京农村空间生产内容发生了巨大变化,多样化愈趋增强,北京农村空间的商品性也日益突出;④随着农村空间商品化的发展,北京地区的城乡差距逐步缩小,北京地区长期扭曲的城乡关系得到一定程度的纠正。

Changes of agricultural production and rural society in China have attracted worldwide attention since the reform and opening up in 1978, the grain output ]has increased year by year, and the farmers＇ income has been obviously raised as well. After joining the WTO, rural China has faced the following situations, internationally, stronger trends of economic globalization and sustainable development on one hand, domestically, more serious environmental problems caused by agriculture, the decrease of working population and the increase of labor substitution factors in agricultural sector on the other hand. Meanwhile, the diversification characteristics of rural economy have emerged. Rural areas were considered as an agricultural production space in essence. But, nowadays, it is also generally regarded as a space with other functions such as leisure and relaxation, cultural and education, and environmental conservation. While the role of production has decreased in the present rural space, the role of consumption has increased. Therefore, based on the theory of post-productivism, this paper discussed the issues about the spatial commodification and the rural-urban relationship in Beijing. We have gained the following abstract theoretiical findings： （1） Theoretically, space is an abstract concept, whatever for urban areas and rural areas, there is no pure space which has commodification sense in physical world. Indeed, the so called spatial commodification is closely related to various production activities of human beings and gradually reveals itself with the production development; （2） Under the economic globalization and the worldwide sustainable development background, with the increasing growth of the production variety, the spatial commodification in urban and rural[ areas tends to be manifested; （3） Since the implementation of open and reform policies in the late 1970s, great changes have taken place in rural landscape, land uses, employment structure, life styles and spatial patterns in the rural areas of Beijing, and the rural spatial commodification has become protruding; （4） With the development of the spatial commodification transformation in rural Beijing, the urban-rural relationship has been greatly improved. （5） The gaps between urban and rural areas have been gradually narrowed, along with the development of the spatial commodification transformation in rural Beijing.