某合资企业管理员工作倦怠影响因素分析

Analysis of influential factors for job burnout among managers in a joint venture in Guangzhou, China

目的探讨广州市某中日合资汽车制造厂管理员工作倦怠及其影响因素。方法对288名某中日合资汽车制造业管理员，采用职业紧张指标测量工具（OSI）、工作倦怠量表（MBI）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）、简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）和社会支持问卷（SRRS）进行测试。结果男性管理员人格解体得分（6．96±5．81）高于女性（4．63±4．48），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。不同职业应激水平管理员情绪衰竭、人格解体得分的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。路径分析结果显示，职业应激因素、神经质、精神质对管理员的情绪衰竭具有负面的直接影响，工作满意感、对支持的利用度对管理员的情绪衰竭具有正面的直接影响（决定系数为0．366，P〈0．01）。职业应激因素、精神质、消极应对维度对管理员的人格解体具有负面的直接影响，工作满意感、客观支持、对支持的利用度对管理员的人格解体具有正面直接影响（决定系数为0．351，P〈0．01）。工作满意感、积极应对维度对管理员的个人成就感具有正面的直接影响，消极应对维度对管理员的个人成就感具有负面的直接影响（决定系数为0．153，P〈0．01）。人格特征通过应对方式间接影响社会支持继而影响管理员的工作满意感和工作倦怠。结论男性具有较高的人格解体倾向，高职业应激水平是工作倦怠的危险因素，人格特征、社会支持和应对方式对工作倦怠存在影响。

Objective To investigate the influential factors for job burnout among the managerial staff in a Sino-Japanese joint venture automobile manufacturer in Guangzhou, China. Methods A total of 288 managers in a Sino-Japanese joint venture automobile manufacturer were surveyed using the Occupational Stress Indicator, Maslach Burnout Inventory （MBI）, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Social Support Rating Scale. Results On the depersonalization dimension, the male managers had significantly higher scores than the female managers. The scores of emotion exhaustion and depersonalization of MBI showed significant differences among the managers with different levels of occupational stress. The path analysis showed that occupational stress, neuroticism, and psychoticism had negative effects on emotion exhaustion, while job satisfaction and utilization of social support had direct positive effects on emotion exhaustion. Occupational stress, psychoticism, and passive coping style had direct negative effects on depersonalization, while job satisfaction, objective support, and utilization of social support had positive effects on depersonalization. Job satisfaction and active coping style had positive effects on sense of personal accomplishment, while passive coping style had a negative effect on sense of personal accomplishment. Personality exerted its effect on social support through coping style and thus on job satisfaction and job burnout. Conclusion Male managers have a greater propensity to depersonalization than their female counterparts. High occupational stress is a risk factor for job burnout. Personality, social support, and coping style are influential factors for job burnout.