全新世大暖期对青藏高原东北缘人类活动的影响

Impact of the Holocene Climatic Optimum on human activities in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

结合环境演变资料与考古发现，全新世大暖期暖湿的气候条件，促进了青藏高原东北缘古文化的发展。表现在：随着全新世大暖期暖湿环境的到来，人类活动强度大大增强；细石器文化活动模式发生显著改变，由晚更新世末期一全新世早期的短暂宿营式居住模式演变为相对固定的聚落模式；暖期中较好的水热条件，刺激了仰韶、马家窑文化在本区东部河谷地区的扩张，在暖期的6～4kaBP形成了东部河谷地带马家窑文化，西部高原细石器文化并存的区系格局，两种文化体系在共存中交流，在交流中高原细石器文化掌握了农业种植、使用了陶器，全面推动了高原土著文化进入新石器。

By combining climate change data and archaeological discoveries, evidence shows that warm and wet conditions during the Holocene Climatic Optimum promoted the development of ancient cultures along the northeast ern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This scenario is manifested in the following categories ： （ 1 ） human activ ities greatly increased along with the warming temperatures during the Holocene Climatic Optimum; （2）the mode of microlithic culture activity changed significantly from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene as the settlement patterns developed from temporary camps into relatively fixed settlements; （3） the improvement of water resources and climate conditions during the warm period stimulated the expansion of Yangshao and Majiayao Cultures in the Eastern Valley. This included the formation of the Eastern Valley Majiayao Culture that coexisted with the Western Plateau Microlithic Cultures between 6 and 4 ka BP. The two coexisting culture systems participated in exchange during which the Weastern Plateau Microlithic Cultures obtained pottery, agriculture, and Neolithic technologies, promotinz their entrance into the Neolithic.