硬壳蛤胚胎发育和变态阶段生化分析及能量利用的初步研究

Biochemical Changes and Energy Utilization during Embryonic Development and Metamorphosis in Hard Clam Mercenaria mercenaria

采用常规生物化学分析方法研究了硬壳蛤的卵、D形幼虫、变态前幼虫和变态后幼虫的蛋白质、脂类、和碳水化合物的含量及发育过程中能量利用情况。试验结果显示,硬壳蛤卵中蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物的含量分别为47.6%、42.2%和10.2%;每个卵所含的能量平均为0.988mJ。经过24h的孵化后,3种能源物质的含量均下降,蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物相对下降12.5%、18.8%和13.9%,总能源物质含量下降15.3%。胚胎发育过程中每个幼虫平均消耗的能量为0.161mJ,其中脂类提供了68.5%的能量。幼虫变态过程中,蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物相对下降25.1%、26.6%和19.2%。变态过程中每个幼虫消耗的能量为2.111mJ,蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物分别提供了能量的44.4%、35.9%和19.2%。变态过程消耗的能量是胚胎发育过程的13倍。

The levels of protein , total lipid and carbohydrate and energy utilization were studied in fertilized eggs , D-shaped larvae , and premetamorphic , and postmetamorphic larvae of hard clam （Mercenaria mercenaria） .The results showed that the fertilized eggs was composed of 47 .6% protein , 42 .2% lipid ,and 10 .2% carbohydrate ,with average energy of 0 .988 mJ per egg .Twenty-four hours after fertilization ,there were decrease in approximate composition at a rate 12 .5% of protein ,18 .8% of lipid , 13 .9% of carbohydrate ,and 15 .3% of energy per egg .During embryonic development ,total energy of 0 .161 mJ was expended by an embryo ,in which 26 .0% derived from protein ,68 .5% from lipid ,and 5 .4% from carbohydrate .During the metamorphosis , 25 .1% protein , 26 .6% lipid , and 19 .2%carbohydrate were exhausted by the larvae ,2 .111 mJ individually ,accounting for 44 .4% in protein , 35 .9% in lipid and 19 .2% in carbohydrate .The energy consumption was found in the metamorphosis as 13 times as in the embryogenesis .