非正规设计施工建筑及芦山7.0级地震震害调查

The investigation and analysis of the damage to non-engineered buildings in Lushan earthquake with M s 7. 0

"非正规设计施工建筑"是英文"Non-engineered Building"的中文意译,是指未经过正规设计、施工和监管的建筑。我国非正规设计施工建筑主要为自建类房屋,其中以农村建筑为主。此类建筑缺陷多、易损性高,且在世界发展中国家和地区普遍存在,是地震遭受破坏最严重、造成人员伤亡最大的工程群体。本文简述了近十多年来国内外重大地震中的非正规设计施工建筑破坏和人员伤亡的事例,介绍了芦山7.0级地震建筑物地基基础震害,重点介绍了灾区非正规设计施工建筑中的木、砖木、砖砌体和底框砌体四类主要结构的特点及震害特征,并分别从建筑的年代和形式、结构的规整性、承重构件、抗震措施以及施工方法等方面分析了震害原因。本文指出,非正规设计施工建筑在地基基础处理、结构设计、构造措施和施工方法等方面出现的问题,是芦山地震震害的主要原因,与缺乏技术支持和行政监管密切相关,应当予以高度关注和加以逐步改变。

Non-engineered building means such a kind of buildings, which are informally designed, constructed and managed. It includes rural dwellings constructed by individual in China. Non-engineered buildings are widely used in developing cou,tries and are the largest engineering group led to serious losses and casualties in earthquakes, because of having many defects and great vulnerability. This paper briefly introduces the casualties and structural damage to non-engineered buildings caused by large earthquakes in the world in the past decade. Focusing on Lush- an Ms 7.0 earthquake, the damage is discussed for the foundation and the mainly four types of non-engineered buildings, including wooden building, masonry-timber mixed building, masonry building and masonry building un- der lying framework. The four major reasons of non-engineered buildings having been severely damaged in Lushan earthquake are the incorrect treatment of foundation, the improper building design, the unqualified seismic fortifica- tion and construction methods. Other reasons are the lack of technical support and administrative supervision.