施用猪粪有机肥对稻麦两熟农田稻季养分径流流失的影响

Effect of Pig Manure Application on Surface Runoff Losses of Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus During the Paddy Season in Intensive Rice-Wheat Rotation Field

采用田间小区定位试验,研究了自然降雨条件下施用猪粪有机肥对稻麦两熟农田稻季养分径流流失的影响。结果表明:稻季径流水量可达2 285.10m3/hm2;常规施肥(T0)条件下,稻田径流流失全N(TN)和全P(TP)总量分别为4.71kg/hm2和154.08g/hm2,流失率分别为1.74%和0.23%,且水稻产量可达8 861.50kg/hm2;较常规施肥处理而言,秸秆还田(T1)处理显著减少TP径流流失总量达16.68%,显著降低TP径流流失率达16.68%。同时,有机肥50%替代氮肥(T3)处理可减少稻季TN径流流失量达5.49%,也可显著降低TP径流流失率达23.32%,且水稻产量未显著下降。然而,有机肥100%替代氮肥(T4)处理增加稻季TN径流流失量1.31%,处理间差异不显著,但极显著增加TP径流流失量和流失率,且极显著降低水稻产量达37.87%。试验结果表明,在水稻高产稳产条件下,猪粪有机肥50%替代氮肥措施的减排效果较好。

Field plot experiment was carried out to off losses of soil nitrogen and phosphorus during Jiangsu province under natural rainfall conditions. study the effects of pig manure application on surface run- the paddy season in intensive rice-wheat rotation field of The results showed that the total volume of runoff water reached 2 285.10 m3/hm2 during the whole paddy season. Under conventional fertilization conditions （TO, the plots applied with chemical fertilizer as in conventional practice）, the total runoff losses of TN and TP reached 4.71 kg/hm2 and 154.08 g/hm2 , and the rates of nutrients losses reached 1.74% and 0.23%, re- spectively. And rice grain yield reached 8 861.50 kg/hm2. Compared with TO treatment, wheat straw retur- ning （T1） not only significantly reduced the quantity of TP loss by 16.68%, but also reduced the rate of TP loss by 16.68% in the surface runoff water during the paddy season, respectively. Furthermore, 50% of pig manure application （T3, the plots applied with half pig manure and half chemical fertilizer） effectively re- duced the quantity of TN loss by 5. 49%, and the treatment significantly reduced the rate of TN loss by sur face runoff by 23.32~, respectively. And no significant difference was found in the rice grain yield between TO and T3 treatments. However, compared with TO treatment, TN loss by surface runoff increased by 1.31% under T4 treatment condition （the plots applied with pig manure only）, but the quantity and the rate of TP loss significantly increased, and the rice grain yield significantly decreased by 37. 87%. Therefore, it was concluded that 50% of pig manure application replacement chemical fertilizer applied in conventional practice was a good option to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses by surface runoff from the paddy fields without significant rice grain yield reduction.