稻耳轮作制度下连续菌渣还田对土壤肥力性状的影响

Effects of Continuous Application of Edible Fungus Residue on Soil Fertility Properties Under Rice-edible Fungus Rotation System

田间定位试验(2010-2012年)条件下,研究水稻-黑木耳水旱轮作(稻-耳轮作制度)和菌渣-化肥配施对土壤理化性状的影响。化肥用量(C)设置常规用量的0%,50%和100%,菌渣还田(F)相对数量设置0%,50%和100%(45 000棒/hm2)。结果表明,2个稻耳轮作周期后,土壤pH显著上升,增幅最高处理为1.36个pH单位(C50F100);土壤有机质、碱解N、有效P和速效K含量显著降低,降幅最大分别为20.21%(C50F0),22.65%(C100F50),49.13%(C50F50),45.77%(C100F50)。黑木耳覆膜经营能够显著提升土壤pH、有效P、速效K含量,有机质含量显著减少。菌渣-化肥配施处理能优化肥料在土壤中的转化,各处理中C50F100最有利于土壤pH的提高和有机质的积累,C100F50最有利于养分的释放。因此,稻耳轮作过程中应加大黑木耳经营期的土地管理,协调水稻耕期肥料的有机-无机比例以促进土壤的可持续生产;菌渣-化肥配施还田有助于缓解由于长期施用化肥造成的土壤退化问题,是食用菌生产过程中废弃物资源化利用的有效途径。

A long-term field experiment was developed （2010--2012） to investigate the soil physicochemical properties affected by application of chemical fertilizers （C） and edible fungus residue （F） under a rice-edible fungus rotation system. The rates of C and F were set as 0, 50% and 100% of conventional dosage. Results showed that, after two years of rice-edible fungus rotation, a significant increase occurred in soil pH, being the highest increase of 1.36 pH units （C0F50）. By contrast, soil organic matter （SOM） content and soil a- vailable N, P and K decreased significantly, with largest decline being 20.21% （C50F0）, 22.65% （C100F50）, 49.13% （C50F50）, 45.77% （C100F50） respectively. During fungus cultivation period, SOM content decreased significantly, while pH value, soil available P and K increased significantly. Among all treatments, C50F100 was most effective to raise soil pH and SOM content, while C100F50 showed most advantageous for the nutri- ents release. Therefore, it was necessary to optimize land management in fungus operation period and pro- portion of organic and inorganic fertilizers application in rice cultivation period. Combine application of C and F could ease the problem of soil degradation caused by long-term application of chemical fertilizers. Mean- while, it was also an effective pathway to recycle the waste from edible fungus production.