不同氮素形态配比对冬小麦氮素积累和利用的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Form Ratios on the Nitrogen Accumulation and Utilization of Winter Wheat

在大田条件下,以郑麦366、矮抗58为材料,研究了冬小麦营养器官叶片、茎秆、鞘、穗轴+颖壳的全氮含量、籽粒蛋白质含量、蛋白质产量、氮素收获指数和氮素利用效率。结果表明,郑麦366、矮抗58开花期和成熟期营养器官全氮含量均表现为叶片>穗轴+颖壳>鞘>茎秆。与单一氮素形态的N1和N5处理相比,混合氮素形态处理冬小麦营养器官开花期的氮素含量较高,有利于花前氮素积累,促进了灌浆期氮素向籽粒的转运,降低了成熟期营养器官的氮素含量,以N3处理表现最好。籽粒蛋白质产量郑麦366以N2处理最高,分别比N1和N5处理高17.83%和24.15%,矮抗58以N5处理最低,显著低于最高的N3处理。氮素利用效率郑麦366的N2处理分别比N1、N3、N4和N5处理高19.15%,9.80%,10.89%和21.74%,矮抗58的N2处理分别比N1、N3、N4和N5处理高9.47%,0.65%,11.43%和9.47%。可见,不同氮素形态配比能够调控冬小麦营养器官氮素含量、籽粒蛋白质含量、蛋白质产量和氮素利用效率,总体以硝铵等比例的N3处理调优效果最好。

Two wheat varieties including Zhengmai 366 and Aikang58 were planted in the field conditions with different nitrogen form ratios application from 2010 to 2012. The results indicated that at the flowering and maturing stages the total nitrogen content in winter wheat source organs were： Leaf 〉cobs and glume 〉sheaths 〉stem. Compared to the single nitrogen form treatment, the treatments with mixed nitrogen forms application improved the total nitrogen content in the leaf, stem, sheath and cobs and glume of Zhengmai366 and Aikang58 at the flowering stage, promoted the nitrogen transportation of source organs during grain fill- ing stage, and decreased the total nitrogen content of source organs at the mature stage. The grain protein yield of Zhengmai366 of N2 treatment was highest, which was 17.83% and 24.15% higher than that of N1 and N5 treatment, respectively. The grain protein yield of Aikang58 of N5 treatment was significantly lower than that of N3 treatment. With the N2 treatment, the nitrogen utilization efficiency of Zhengmai336 were