不同添加剂对玉米秸秆青贮发酵效果的影响

Effect of Different Additives on the Quality of Corn Stover Silage

为了探讨不同添加剂对玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响,通过正交实验设计,将复合菌剂、纤维素酶、尿素和玉米粉添加到粉碎的玉米秸秆中进行青贮.以感官性状和青贮发酵品质为评价体系评价青贮发酵效果,得到玉米秸秆青贮添加剂的最优组合A3B3C3D1E1,即乳酸菌:酵母菌=2:1,菌剂添加量0.6%,纤维素酶1.0 g/kg,尿素0.3%,玉米粉0%.对青贮料的感官性状、有机酸和菌落数量等指标进行了分析,结果表明:菌剂添加量对感官性状具有显著影响,菌剂量和纤维素酶添加量对乳酸含量具有显著影响(P<0.05),各因素对乙酸含量、酵母菌和霉菌数量均无显著影响.研究表明了青贮菌剂和纤维素酶的添加促进了乳酸菌的繁殖,而玉米粉和尿素的添加对玉米秸秆青贮品质无显著作用.

In order to study the effects of different additives on the quality of corn stover silage, the corn stover was cut and then ensiled with a certain ratio of lactobacillus and yeast （A）, the complex inoculants （B）, cellulase （C）, urea （D） and corn flour （E） by using orthogonal experiment design. Based on the evaluation system of sensory properties and silage fermentation quality, the optimal combination of the corn straw silage additives was found to be A3B3C3D1E1, namely, a ratio of 1 ： 0 for lactobacillus and yeast, the complex inoculants 0.6%, cellulase 1.0 g/kg, urea 0.3% and corn meal 0%. The analysis of sensory properties, organic acids and microbe number of silage showed a significant influence of complex inoculant dosage on sensory properties, as well as significant effects of the dosage of cellulase and complex inoculants on lactic acid content （P 〈 0.05）. However, none of the factors showed significant effect on acetic acid content, yeast or mold number, indicating that the addition of complex inoculants and cellulase promotes the lactic acid bacteria breeding, while the addition of corn flour and urea has less effect on quality of corn straw silage.