中小区域入境旅游量质交互成长研究——以山西11市为例

Inbound Tourism Quantity and Quality Growth in Small-Mid Areas—The Case of Eleven Cities in Shanxi Province

从系统量质交互角度,运用优势指数,流质指数,基尼系数及波士顿矩阵方法,选取山西11市1996—2011年(排除2003年)入境旅游数据,构建量质矩阵(T-L Matrix),从市到旅游区再至整体区域层层递进,分析了省域尺度入境旅游量与质时空成长演变。研究发现:区域入境旅游量质具有内在统一性,同时具有螺旋反复性,其发展需经历质优量弱到量质皆弱,然后量优质弱最后量质皆优的发展历程;入境旅游流区域内极化与扩散符合"自组织涌现"行为规律,优质中心由单中心发展到多中心,整体系统发展具有"趋优趋势";以山西为案例地的区域入境旅游系统发展模式符合表象上的"帕累托改进",空间基尼系数反映的区域不平衡性有使改进失效的风险;区域核心旅游景区尤其是世界级吸引物变迁是影响量质演进的核心因素,资源禀赋、可进入性、空间综合环境、经济联系度是影响后发区域量质成长的重要原因。本研究可对"休眠型"旅游区域发展提供模式及经验借鉴。

From the perspective of system interaction between quantity and quality, using superiority index, tourism quality index, Gini-coefficient and BCG Matrix, the paper selects inbound tourism data from 1996 to 2011 except for 2003 in Shanxi province, establishes quantity - quality matrix, then analyzes spatio-temporal growth and evolution of quantity and quality of inbound tourism in province scale. We can find following conclusions, the quantity is internally united with quality of inbound tourism of regions; meanwhile, they have the spiral repeatability, their development experiences from superior quality and inferior quantity to inferior quantity and quality, to superior quantity and inferior quality, finally to superior quantity and quality. Polarization and diffusion of inbound tourism flows accord with self- organizing emergence law in regions, the center of preeminent develops from one to more, and the whole system trends to excellent direction. Inbound tourism developing mode corresponds presentational Pareto improvement based on Shanxi, but it is risky for improvement due to regional imbalance reflected by spatial Gini-coefficient. World-class core attraction is most important for regional quantity and quality development, Resources endowment, accessibility, integrated environment and economical relational force are core factors of quantity and quality growth of late-developing regions. This paper may provide reference and support for mode and process improvement of dormant tourism areas.