肇庆市中小学生膳食营养干预效果分析

Efficacy of nutritional intervention among students in Zhaoqing

目的了解肇庆市城区与农村中小学生的膳食营养状况,为探索中小学生的营养健康教育方法与干预手段提供参考。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,选取肇庆市城区及农村的小学四年级和初中一年级学生进行为期2 a跟踪,同时开展膳食营养干预活动,并进行2轮问卷调查和体格检查,对结果进行统计分析。结果干预后,城乡学生健康饮食习惯均有明显改善(χ2值分别为7.181,111.500,P值均<0.05),营养知识与自感健康状况方面改善不明显。城区中小学生营养状况以超重肥胖为主,农村以营养不良居多;干预后中小学生营养状况改善明显,并有逐渐趋同的趋势。结论采取针对性强的行为干预措施能提高中小学生的膳食营养知识知晓率,促进良好饮食行为习惯的形成和体质结构平衡。

Objective To understand primary nutritional status among students in urban and rural areas of Zhaoqing City and to assess the efficacy of nutritional intervention. Methods By using stratified multi-stage sampling, students from grade 4 and grade 7 were investigated and followed up for two years. Questionnaire survey and physical examination were implemented before and after nutritional interventions. Results In general, nutritional status and knowledge among urban students were significantly higher. Disparities in nutrition knowledge, dietary pattern and health status between urban and rural students decreased after inter- vention. The primary nutritional concern among urban students was overweight and obesity, whereas in rural students was malnutri- tion. Conclusion Targeted intervention is effective enough to increase nutritional awareness, promote dietary pattern and balance physical fitness among students both in urban and rural areas.