区域规划环评中生态系统服务功能影响评价方法初探研究

Studies on Evaluation Methods for Ecosystem Services Impacts in Regional Planning Environmental Assessment

生态系统服务功能是维系区域生态系统安全的重要保障,从生态系统服务功能角度评价区域规划对生态系统的影响具有重要意义。目前在规划环评中应用生态系统服务功能评价的案例仍然较少,本文基于目标导向性影响评价理念,构建生态系统服务功能影响指标体系,以及基于RS与GIS技术的空间评价方法,旨在探索建立一套适用于区域尺度规划环境影响评价的可行的生态系统服务功能影响评价模式。针对区域主要的生态系统服务功能类型,选择能够准确衡量功能强弱且对人类干扰敏感的因子作为主要评价指标,通过指标的变化趋势和规划建设空间分析,评价规划实施对区域主要生态系统服务功能造成的影响,根据评价结果提出相应的避让、减缓、补偿、优化等对策措施,保障区域生态系统服务功能不降低。

Ecosystem services play an important role in maintaining regional ecological system security. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the impacts of regional planning on ecosystem from the perspective of ecosystem services. However, there were very few research cases of applying ecosystem service evaluation in Planning Environmental Assessment （PEA）. This study aims to construct an index system based on a goal - oriented evaluation principle and to establish a series of applicable evaluation modes for ecosystem services applicable to regional PEA based on a spatial evaluation method with RS and GIS technologies. This research also aims to choose primary indexes in measuring function strength correctly for main ecosystem services type. Further, this study evaluates the influences for main regional ecosystem services caused by planning implementation through the tendency of the indicators and spatial analysis of the planning activities. According to the evaluation results, if planning layout covers the irreplacea ble, extremely valuable, extremely sensitive or unrecoverable ecological protection objects, reliable avoiding measures or habitat alternatives should be proposed. In addition, if the evaluation results have major negative impact, corresponding palliation, recovery and compensation measures should be put forward. When the evaluation results have few negative effects or no negative effects, eco logical optimization measures should be put forward, in order to ensure the regional ecosystem services not decreasing.