围绝经期女性抑郁症状及其影响因素的探讨

Analysis on depressive symptoms and influencing factors of perimenopausal women

目的调查广州市社区围绝经期女性抑郁症状发生情况,并探讨其影响因素,为制定针对性的社区干预策略和措施提供依据方法采用随机与整群抽样相结合的方法,以广州某城区和市郊两社区为流调现场,抽取40~55岁721例围绝经期女性为研究对象,其中市区368人,郊区各353人,采用自评抑郁量表(SDS)、生活事件量表(LES)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、应对方式问卷(CSQ)和一般社会人口学调查表(SDQ)进行调查和评价,运用多元逐步回归分析的方法,探讨影响其抑郁水平的保护因素和危险因素。结果抑郁症状发生率为8.04%,46~50岁组发生率(12.35%)显著高于40~45岁组(6.22%)和51~55岁组(5.49%,x^2=9.2552,P<0.01);城市社区抑郁症状发生率(10.33%)显著高于郊区社区(5.67%,x^2=5.2902,P<0.05);负性事件刺激量和自责是抑郁症状发生的危险因素,对支持利用度则是其保护因素;生活事件、社会支持和应对方式均与自评抑郁量表评分存在正性或负性显著性相关,各因子间也存在一些显著性相关。结论围绝经期抑郁的发生受多因素影响,应采取多层次和有针对性的干预措施。

Objective To investigate the occurrence and influencing factors of depressive symptoms in perimenopausal women in Guangzhou so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and intervention. Methods It was a stratified randomized sampling investigation. Totally 721 perimenopausal women aged 40-55 from an urban （368） and a suburb （353） community of Guangzhou were investigated with self-rating depression scale （SDS） , life events self-rating scale （LES） , social support revalued scale （SSRS） , coping style questionnaire（CSQ） and social demography questionnaire （ SDQ ） . Possible risk factors and protective factors were explored with muhiple stepwise regression analysis. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 8.04%. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the group of women aged 46-50 （ 12.35% ） was significantly higher than that in the group of women aged 40-45 （6.22%） and the group of women aged 51-55 （5.49%） （χ2 = 9. 2552 ,P 〈0.01 ）. There was significant difference in the prevalence rate of depressive symptoms between urban group （ 10.33% ） and suburb group （5.67%） （χ2 = 5. 2902,P 〈 0.05 ）. Quantity of the stimulus of negative events and self-blame were risk factors of depressive symptoms, while utilization of support was a protective factor. There was significant correlation between SDS and stress intensity of life events, social support and coping style, and these factors were correlated with each other. Conclusion Depression in perimenopausal period is closely related with multiple factors. A targeted and multi-faceted prevention and treatment should be given for perimenopausal women.